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.\" Copyright (c) 1989, 1990, 1993
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.\" The Regents of the University of California. All rights reserved.
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.\"
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.\" Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
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.\" modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
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.\" are met:
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.\" 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
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.\" 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
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.\" notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
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.\" documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
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.\" 4. Neither the name of the University nor the names of its contributors
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.\" may be used to endorse or promote products derived from this software
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.\" without specific prior written permission.
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.\"
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.\" THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE REGENTS AND CONTRIBUTORS ``AS IS'' AND
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.\" ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE
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.\" IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE
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.\" ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE REGENTS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE
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.\" FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
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.\" DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
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.\" OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
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.\" HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT
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.\" LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY
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.\" OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
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.\" SUCH DAMAGE.
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.\"
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.\" From: @(#)mtree.8 8.2 (Berkeley) 12/11/93
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.\" $FreeBSD$
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.\"
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.Dd September 4, 2013
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.Dt MTREE 5
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.Os
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.Sh NAME
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.Nm mtree
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.Nd format of mtree dir hierarchy files
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.Sh DESCRIPTION
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The
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.Nm
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format is a textual format that describes a collection of filesystem objects.
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Such files are typically used to create or verify directory hierarchies.
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.Ss General Format
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An
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.Nm
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file consists of a series of lines, each providing information
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about a single filesystem object.
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Leading whitespace is always ignored.
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.Pp
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When encoding file or pathnames, any backslash character or
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character outside of the 95 printable ASCII characters must be
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encoded as a a backslash followed by three
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octal digits.
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When reading mtree files, any appearance of a backslash
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followed by three octal digits should be converted into the
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corresponding character.
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.Pp
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Each line is interpreted independently as one of the following types:
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.Bl -tag -width Cm
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.It Blank
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Blank lines are ignored.
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.It Comment
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Lines beginning with
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.Cm #
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are ignored.
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.It Special
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Lines beginning with
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.Cm /
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are special commands that influence
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the interpretation of later lines.
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.It Relative
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If the first whitespace-delimited word has no
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.Cm /
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characters,
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it is the name of a file in the current directory.
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Any relative entry that describes a directory changes the
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current directory.
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.It dot-dot
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As a special case, a relative entry with the filename
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.Pa ..
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changes the current directory to the parent directory.
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Options on dot-dot entries are always ignored.
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.It Full
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If the first whitespace-delimited word has a
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.Cm /
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character after
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the first character, it is the pathname of a file relative to the
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starting directory.
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There can be multiple full entries describing the same file.
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.El
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.Pp
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Some tools that process
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.Nm
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files may require that multiple lines describing the same file
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occur consecutively.
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It is not permitted for the same file to be mentioned using
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both a relative and a full file specification.
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.Ss Special commands
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Two special commands are currently defined:
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.Bl -tag -width Cm
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.It Cm /set
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This command defines default values for one or more keywords.
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It is followed on the same line by one or more whitespace-separated
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keyword definitions.
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These definitions apply to all following files that do not specify
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a value for that keyword.
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.It Cm /unset
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This command removes any default value set by a previous
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.Cm /set
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command.
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It is followed on the same line by one or more keywords
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separated by whitespace.
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.El
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.Ss Keywords
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After the filename, a full or relative entry consists of zero
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or more whitespace-separated keyword definitions.
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Each such definition consists of a key from the following
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list immediately followed by an '=' sign
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and a value.
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Software programs reading mtree files should warn about
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unrecognized keywords.
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.Pp
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Currently supported keywords are as follows:
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.Bl -tag -width Cm
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.It Cm cksum
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The checksum of the file using the default algorithm specified by
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the
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.Xr cksum 1
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utility.
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.It Cm device
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The device number for
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.Sy block
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or
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.Sy char
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file types.
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The value must be one of the following forms:
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.Pp
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.Bl -tag -width 4n
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.It Ar format , Ns Ar major , Ns Ar minor Ns Bo , Ns Ar subunit Bc
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A device with
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.Ar major , minor
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and optional
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.Ar subunit
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fields.
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Their meaning is specified by the operating's system
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.Ar format .
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See below for valid formats.
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.It Ar number
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Opaque number (as stored on the file system).
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.El
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.Pp
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The following values for
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.Ar format
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are recognized:
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.Sy native ,
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.Sy 386bsd ,
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.Sy 4bsd ,
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.Sy bsdos ,
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.Sy freebsd ,
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.Sy hpux ,
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.Sy isc ,
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.Sy linux ,
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.Sy netbsd ,
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.Sy osf1 ,
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.Sy sco ,
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.Sy solaris ,
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.Sy sunos ,
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.Sy svr3 ,
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.Sy svr4 ,
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and
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.Sy ultrix .
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.Pp
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See
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.Xr mknod 8
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for more details.
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.It Cm contents
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The full pathname of a file that holds the contents of this file.
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.It Cm flags
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The file flags as a symbolic name.
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See
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.Xr chflags 1
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|
|
for information on these names.
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If no flags are to be set the string
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.Dq none
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may be used to override the current default.
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.It Cm gid
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The file group as a numeric value.
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.It Cm gname
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The file group as a symbolic name.
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.It Cm ignore
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Ignore any file hierarchy below this file.
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.It Cm inode
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The inode number.
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.It Cm link
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The target of the symbolic link when type=link.
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.It Cm md5
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The MD5 message digest of the file.
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.It Cm md5digest
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A synonym for
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.Cm md5 .
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.It Cm mode
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The current file's permissions as a numeric (octal) or symbolic
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value.
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.It Cm nlink
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The number of hard links the file is expected to have.
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.It Cm nochange
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Make sure this file or directory exists but otherwise ignore all attributes.
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.It Cm optional
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The file is optional; do not complain about the file if it is not in
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the file hierarchy.
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.It Cm resdevice
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The
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.Dq resident
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device number of the file, e.g. the ID of the device that
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|
contains the file.
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Its format is the same as the one for
|
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.Cm device .
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.It Cm ripemd160digest
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The
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.Tn RIPEMD160
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|
message digest of the file.
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.It Cm rmd160
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|
A synonym for
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.Cm ripemd160digest .
|
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.It Cm rmd160digest
|
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|
A synonym for
|
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|
.Cm ripemd160digest .
|
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|
.It Cm sha1
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The
|
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.Tn FIPS
|
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|
160-1
|
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|
.Pq Dq Tn SHA-1
|
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|
message digest of the file.
|
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|
.It Cm sha1digest
|
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|
A synonym for
|
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|
|
.Cm sha1 .
|
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|
.It Cm sha256
|
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|
The
|
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.Tn FIPS
|
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|
180-2
|
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|
.Pq Dq Tn SHA-256
|
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|
message digest of the file.
|
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|
.It Cm sha256digest
|
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|
A synonym for
|
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|
.Cm sha256 .
|
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|
.It Cm sha384
|
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|
The
|
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|
.Tn FIPS
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|
180-2
|
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|
.Pq Dq Tn SHA-384
|
|
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|
message digest of the file.
|
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|
|
.It Cm sha384digest
|
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|
|
A synonym for
|
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|
|
.Cm sha384 .
|
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|
.It Cm sha512
|
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|
The
|
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|
.Tn FIPS
|
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|
180-2
|
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|
.Pq Dq Tn SHA-512
|
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|
message digest of the file.
|
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|
|
.It Cm sha512digest
|
|
|
|
|
A synonym for
|
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|
.Cm sha512 .
|
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|
.It Cm size
|
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|
The size, in bytes, of the file.
|
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|
.It Cm time
|
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|
The last modification time of the file.
|
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|
.It Cm type
|
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|
|
The type of the file; may be set to any one of the following:
|
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|
|
.Pp
|
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|
.Bl -tag -width Cm -compact
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|
.It Cm block
|
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|
block special device
|
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|
.It Cm char
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|
character special device
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.It Cm dir
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|
directory
|
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|
.It Cm fifo
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|
fifo
|
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|
.It Cm file
|
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|
regular file
|
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|
.It Cm link
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|
symbolic link
|
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|
.It Cm socket
|
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|
socket
|
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|
.El
|
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.It Cm uid
|
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|
The file owner as a numeric value.
|
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.It Cm uname
|
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|
The file owner as a symbolic name.
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|
.El
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|
.Pp
|
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|
.Sh SEE ALSO
|
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|
|
|
.Xr cksum 1 ,
|
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|
|
.Xr find 1 ,
|
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|
|
.Xr mtree 8
|
|
|
|
|
.Sh BUGS
|
|
|
|
|
.Sh HISTORY
|
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|
|
The
|
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|
|
.Nm
|
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|
|
|
utility appeared in
|
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|
|
.Bx 4.3 Reno .
|
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|
|
The
|
|
|
|
|
.Tn MD5
|
|
|
|
|
digest capability was added in
|
|
|
|
|
.Fx 2.1 ,
|
|
|
|
|
in response to the widespread use of programs which can spoof
|
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|
|
|
.Xr cksum 1 .
|
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|
|
The
|
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|
|
|
.Tn SHA-1
|
|
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|
|
and
|
|
|
|
|
.Tn RIPEMD160
|
|
|
|
|
digests were added in
|
|
|
|
|
.Fx 4.0 ,
|
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|
|
|
as new attacks have demonstrated weaknesses in
|
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|
|
.Tn MD5 .
|
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|
|
|
The
|
|
|
|
|
.Tn SHA-256
|
|
|
|
|
digest was added in
|
|
|
|
|
.Fx 6.0 .
|
|
|
|
|
Support for file flags was added in
|
|
|
|
|
.Fx 4.0 ,
|
|
|
|
|
and mostly comes from
|
|
|
|
|
.Nx .
|
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|
|
The
|
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|
|
|
.Dq full
|
|
|
|
|
entry format was added by
|
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|
|
|
.Nx .
|
