cmake/Utilities/cmlibarchive/cpio/cpio.c

/*-
 * Copyright (c) 2003-2007 Tim Kientzle
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
 * are met:
 * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 *    in this position and unchanged.
 * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above copyright
 *    notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer in the
 *    documentation and/or other materials provided with the distribution.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE AUTHOR(S) ``AS IS'' AND ANY EXPRESS OR
 * IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES
 * OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED.
 * IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHOR(S) BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT,
 * INCIDENTAL, SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT
 * NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF
 * THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 */


#include "cpio_platform.h"
__FBSDID("$FreeBSD: src/usr.bin/cpio/cpio.c,v 1.15 2008/12/06 07:30:40 kientzle Exp $");

#include <sys/types.h>
#include <archive.h>
#include <archive_entry.h>

#ifdef HAVE_SYS_MKDEV_H
#include <sys/mkdev.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_STAT_H
#include <sys/stat.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_ERRNO_H
#include <errno.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_FCNTL_H
#include <fcntl.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_GRP_H
#include <grp.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_PWD_H
#include <pwd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STDARG_H
#include <stdarg.h>
#endif
#include <stdio.h>
#ifdef HAVE_STDLIB_H
#include <stdlib.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_STRING_H
#include <string.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_UNISTD_H
#include <unistd.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_SYS_TIME_H
#include <sys/time.h>
#endif
#ifdef HAVE_TIME_H
#include <time.h>
#endif

#include "cpio.h"
#include "err.h"
#include "line_reader.h"
#include "matching.h"

/* Fixed size of uname/gname caches. */
#define name_cache_size 101

#ifndef O_BINARY
#define O_BINARY 0
#endif

struct name_cache {
    int probes;
    int hits;
    size_t  size;
    struct {
        id_t id;
        char *name;
    } cache[name_cache_size];
};

static int  copy_data(struct archive *, struct archive *);
static const char *cpio_rename(const char *name);
static int  entry_to_archive(struct cpio *, struct archive_entry *);
static int  file_to_archive(struct cpio *, const char *);
static void free_cache(struct name_cache *cache);
static void list_item_verbose(struct cpio *, struct archive_entry *);
static void long_help(void);
static const char *lookup_gname(struct cpio *, gid_t gid);
static int  lookup_gname_helper(struct cpio *,
            const char **name, id_t gid);
static const char *lookup_uname(struct cpio *, uid_t uid);
static int  lookup_uname_helper(struct cpio *,
            const char **name, id_t uid);
static void mode_in(struct cpio *);
static void mode_list(struct cpio *);
static void mode_out(struct cpio *);
static void mode_pass(struct cpio *, const char *);
static int  restore_time(struct cpio *, struct archive_entry *,
            const char *, int fd);
static void usage(void);
static void version(void);

int
main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
    static char buff[16384];
    struct cpio _cpio; /* Allocated on stack. */
    struct cpio *cpio;
    const char *errmsg;
    int uid, gid;
    int opt;

    cpio = &_cpio;
    memset(cpio, 0, sizeof(*cpio));
    cpio->buff = buff;
    cpio->buff_size = sizeof(buff);

    /* Need lafe_progname before calling lafe_warnc. */
    if (*argv == NULL)
        lafe_progname = "bsdcpio";
    else {
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
        lafe_progname = strrchr(*argv, '\\');
#else
        lafe_progname = strrchr(*argv, '/');
#endif
        if (lafe_progname != NULL)
            lafe_progname++;
        else
            lafe_progname = *argv;
    }

    cpio->uid_override = -1;
    cpio->gid_override = -1;
    cpio->argv = argv;
    cpio->argc = argc;
    cpio->mode = '\0';
    cpio->verbose = 0;
    cpio->compress = '\0';
    cpio->extract_flags = ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_AUTODIR;
    cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_OVERWRITE_NEWER;
    cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS;
    cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT;
    cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_PERM;
    cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_FFLAGS;
    cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_ACL;
#if !defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
    if (geteuid() == 0)
        cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_OWNER;
#endif
    cpio->bytes_per_block = 512;
    cpio->filename = NULL;

    while ((opt = cpio_getopt(cpio)) != -1) {
        switch (opt) {
        case '0': /* GNU convention: --null, -0 */
            cpio->option_null = 1;
            break;
        case 'A': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
            cpio->option_append = 1;
            break;
        case 'a': /* POSIX 1997 */
            cpio->option_atime_restore = 1;
            break;
        case 'B': /* POSIX 1997 */
            cpio->bytes_per_block = 5120;
            break;
        case 'C': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
            cpio->bytes_per_block = atoi(cpio->optarg);
            if (cpio->bytes_per_block <= 0)
                lafe_errc(1, 0, "Invalid blocksize %s", cpio->optarg);
            break;
        case 'c': /* POSIX 1997 */
            cpio->format = "odc";
            break;
        case 'd': /* POSIX 1997 */
            cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_AUTODIR;
            break;
        case 'E': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
            lafe_include_from_file(&cpio->matching,
                cpio->optarg, cpio->option_null);
            break;
        case 'F': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD/GNU cpio */
            cpio->filename = cpio->optarg;
            break;
        case 'f': /* POSIX 1997 */
            lafe_exclude(&cpio->matching, cpio->optarg);
            break;
        case 'H': /* GNU cpio (also --format) */
            cpio->format = cpio->optarg;
            break;
        case 'h':
            long_help();
            break;
        case 'I': /* NetBSD/OpenBSD */
            cpio->filename = cpio->optarg;
            break;
        case 'i': /* POSIX 1997 */
            if (cpio->mode != '\0')
                lafe_errc(1, 0,
                    "Cannot use both -i and -%c", cpio->mode);
            cpio->mode = opt;
            break;
        case 'J': /* GNU tar, others */
            cpio->compress = opt;
            break;
        case 'j': /* GNU tar, others */
            cpio->compress = opt;
            break;
        case OPTION_INSECURE:
            cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_SYMLINKS;
            cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT;
            break;
        case 'L': /* GNU cpio */
            cpio->option_follow_links = 1;
            break;
        case 'l': /* POSIX 1997 */
            cpio->option_link = 1;
            break;
        case OPTION_LZMA: /* GNU tar, others */
            cpio->compress = opt;
            break;
        case 'm': /* POSIX 1997 */
            cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_TIME;
            break;
        case 'n': /* GNU cpio */
            cpio->option_numeric_uid_gid = 1;
            break;
        case OPTION_NO_PRESERVE_OWNER: /* GNU cpio */
            cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_OWNER;
            break;
        case 'O': /* GNU cpio */
            cpio->filename = cpio->optarg;
            break;
        case 'o': /* POSIX 1997 */
            if (cpio->mode != '\0')
                lafe_errc(1, 0,
                    "Cannot use both -o and -%c", cpio->mode);
            cpio->mode = opt;
            break;
        case 'p': /* POSIX 1997 */
            if (cpio->mode != '\0')
                lafe_errc(1, 0,
                    "Cannot use both -p and -%c", cpio->mode);
            cpio->mode = opt;
            cpio->extract_flags &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_SECURE_NODOTDOT;
            break;
        case OPTION_PRESERVE_OWNER:
            cpio->extract_flags |= ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_OWNER;
            break;
        case OPTION_QUIET: /* GNU cpio */
            cpio->quiet = 1;
            break;
        case 'R': /* GNU cpio, also --owner */
            errmsg = owner_parse(cpio->optarg, &uid, &gid);
            if (errmsg) {
                lafe_warnc(-1, "%s", errmsg);
                usage();
            }
            if (uid != -1)
                cpio->uid_override = uid;
            if (gid != -1)
                cpio->gid_override = gid;
            break;
        case 'r': /* POSIX 1997 */
            cpio->option_rename = 1;
            break;
        case 't': /* POSIX 1997 */
            cpio->option_list = 1;
            break;
        case 'u': /* POSIX 1997 */
            cpio->extract_flags
                &= ~ARCHIVE_EXTRACT_NO_OVERWRITE_NEWER;
            break;
        case 'v': /* POSIX 1997 */
            cpio->verbose++;
            break;
        case OPTION_VERSION: /* GNU convention */
            version();
            break;
#if 0
            /*
         * cpio_getopt() handles -W specially, so it's not
         * available here.
         */
        case 'W': /* Obscure, but useful GNU convention. */
            break;
#endif
        case 'y': /* tar convention */
            cpio->compress = opt;
            break;
        case 'Z': /* tar convention */
            cpio->compress = opt;
            break;
        case 'z': /* tar convention */
            cpio->compress = opt;
            break;
        default:
            usage();
        }
    }

    /*
     * Sanity-check args, error out on nonsensical combinations.
     */
    /* -t implies -i if no mode was specified. */
    if (cpio->option_list && cpio->mode == '\0')
        cpio->mode = 'i';
    /* -t requires -i */
    if (cpio->option_list && cpio->mode != 'i')
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option -t requires -i", cpio->mode);
    /* -n requires -it */
    if (cpio->option_numeric_uid_gid && !cpio->option_list)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option -n requires -it");
    /* Can only specify format when writing */
    if (cpio->format != NULL && cpio->mode != 'o')
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option --format requires -o");
    /* -l requires -p */
    if (cpio->option_link && cpio->mode != 'p')
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Option -l requires -p");
    /* TODO: Flag other nonsensical combinations. */

    switch (cpio->mode) {
    case 'o':
        /* TODO: Implement old binary format in libarchive,
           use that here. */
        if (cpio->format == NULL)
            cpio->format = "odc"; /* Default format */

        mode_out(cpio);
        break;
    case 'i':
        while (*cpio->argv != NULL) {
            lafe_include(&cpio->matching, *cpio->argv);
            --cpio->argc;
            ++cpio->argv;
        }
        if (cpio->option_list)
            mode_list(cpio);
        else
            mode_in(cpio);
        break;
    case 'p':
        if (*cpio->argv == NULL || **cpio->argv == '\0')
            lafe_errc(1, 0,
                "-p mode requires a target directory");
        mode_pass(cpio, *cpio->argv);
        break;
    default:
        lafe_errc(1, 0,
            "Must specify at least one of -i, -o, or -p");
    }

    free_cache(cpio->gname_cache);
    free_cache(cpio->uname_cache);
    return (0);
}

void
usage(void)
{
    const char  *p;

    p = lafe_progname;

    fprintf(stderr, "Brief Usage:\n");
    fprintf(stderr, "  List:    %s -it < archive\n", p);
    fprintf(stderr, "  Extract: %s -i < archive\n", p);
    fprintf(stderr, "  Create:  %s -o < filenames > archive\n", p);
    fprintf(stderr, "  Help:    %s --help\n", p);
    exit(1);
}

static const char *long_help_msg =
    "First option must be a mode specifier:\n"
    "  -i Input  -o Output  -p Pass\n"
    "Common Options:\n"
    "  -v    Verbose\n"
    "Create: %p -o [options]  < [list of files] > [archive]\n"
    "  -J,-y,-z,--lzma  Compress archive with xz/bzip2/gzip/lzma\n"
    "  --format {odc|newc|ustar}  Select archive format\n"
    "List: %p -it < [archive]\n"
    "Extract: %p -i [options] < [archive]\n";


/*
 * Note that the word 'bsdcpio' will always appear in the first line
 * of output.
 *
 * In particular, /bin/sh scripts that need to test for the presence
 * of bsdcpio can use the following template:
 *
 * if (cpio --help 2>&1 | grep bsdcpio >/dev/null 2>&1 ) then \
 *          echo bsdcpio; else echo not bsdcpio; fi
 */
static void
long_help(void)
{
    const char  *prog;
    const char  *p;

    prog = lafe_progname;

    fflush(stderr);

    p = (strcmp(prog,"bsdcpio") != 0) ? "(bsdcpio)" : "";
    printf("%s%s: manipulate archive files\n", prog, p);

    for (p = long_help_msg; *p != '\0'; p++) {
        if (*p == '%') {
            if (p[1] == 'p') {
                fputs(prog, stdout);
                p++;
            } else
                putchar('%');
        } else
            putchar(*p);
    }
    version();
}

static void
version(void)
{
    fprintf(stdout,"bsdcpio %s -- %s\n",
        BSDCPIO_VERSION_STRING,
        archive_version());
    exit(0);
}

static void
mode_out(struct cpio *cpio)
{
    struct archive_entry *entry, *spare;
    struct lafe_line_reader *lr;
    const char *p;
    int r;

    if (cpio->option_append)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Append mode not yet supported.");

    cpio->archive_read_disk = archive_read_disk_new();
    if (cpio->archive_read_disk == NULL)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
    if (cpio->option_follow_links)
        archive_read_disk_set_symlink_logical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
    else
        archive_read_disk_set_symlink_physical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
    archive_read_disk_set_standard_lookup(cpio->archive_read_disk);

    cpio->archive = archive_write_new();
    if (cpio->archive == NULL)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
    switch (cpio->compress) {
    case 'J':
        r = archive_write_set_compression_xz(cpio->archive);
        break;
    case OPTION_LZMA:
        r = archive_write_set_compression_lzma(cpio->archive);
        break;
    case 'j': case 'y':
        r = archive_write_set_compression_bzip2(cpio->archive);
        break;
    case 'z':
        r = archive_write_set_compression_gzip(cpio->archive);
        break;
    case 'Z':
        r = archive_write_set_compression_compress(cpio->archive);
        break;
    default:
        r = archive_write_set_compression_none(cpio->archive);
        break;
    }
    if (r < ARCHIVE_WARN)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Requested compression not available");
    r = archive_write_set_format_by_name(cpio->archive, cpio->format);
    if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
    archive_write_set_bytes_per_block(cpio->archive, cpio->bytes_per_block);
    cpio->linkresolver = archive_entry_linkresolver_new();
    archive_entry_linkresolver_set_strategy(cpio->linkresolver,
        archive_format(cpio->archive));

    /*
     * The main loop:  Copy each file into the output archive.
     */
    r = archive_write_open_file(cpio->archive, cpio->filename);
    if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
    lr = lafe_line_reader("-", cpio->option_null);
    while ((p = lafe_line_reader_next(lr)) != NULL)
        file_to_archive(cpio, p);
    lafe_line_reader_free(lr);

    /*
     * The hardlink detection may have queued up a couple of entries
     * that can now be flushed.
     */
    entry = NULL;
    archive_entry_linkify(cpio->linkresolver, &entry, &spare);
    while (entry != NULL) {
        entry_to_archive(cpio, entry);
        archive_entry_free(entry);
        entry = NULL;
        archive_entry_linkify(cpio->linkresolver, &entry, &spare);
    }

    r = archive_write_close(cpio->archive);
    if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, archive_error_string(cpio->archive));

    if (!cpio->quiet) {
        int64_t blocks =
            (archive_position_uncompressed(cpio->archive) + 511)
            / 512;
        fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
            blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
    }
    archive_write_finish(cpio->archive);
}

/*
 * This is used by both out mode (to copy objects from disk into
 * an archive) and pass mode (to copy objects from disk to
 * an archive_write_disk "archive").
 */
static int
file_to_archive(struct cpio *cpio, const char *srcpath)
{
    const char *destpath;
    struct archive_entry *entry, *spare;
    size_t len;
    const char *p;
    int r;

    /*
     * Create an archive_entry describing the source file.
     *
     */
    entry = archive_entry_new();
    if (entry == NULL)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate entry");
    archive_entry_copy_sourcepath(entry, srcpath);
    r = archive_read_disk_entry_from_file(cpio->archive_read_disk,
        entry, -1, NULL);
    if (r < ARCHIVE_WARN)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
    if (r < ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_warnc(0, archive_error_string(cpio->archive));

    if (cpio->uid_override >= 0)
        archive_entry_set_uid(entry, cpio->uid_override);
    if (cpio->gid_override >= 0)
        archive_entry_set_gid(entry, cpio->gid_override);

    /*
     * Generate a destination path for this entry.
     * "destination path" is the name to which it will be copied in
     * pass mode or the name that will go into the archive in
     * output mode.
     */
    destpath = srcpath;
    if (cpio->destdir) {
        len = strlen(cpio->destdir) + strlen(srcpath) + 8;
        if (len >= cpio->pass_destpath_alloc) {
            while (len >= cpio->pass_destpath_alloc) {
                cpio->pass_destpath_alloc += 512;
                cpio->pass_destpath_alloc *= 2;
            }
            free(cpio->pass_destpath);
            cpio->pass_destpath = malloc(cpio->pass_destpath_alloc);
            if (cpio->pass_destpath == NULL)
                lafe_errc(1, ENOMEM,
                    "Can't allocate path buffer");
        }
        strcpy(cpio->pass_destpath, cpio->destdir);
        p = srcpath;
        while (p[0] == '/')
            ++p;
        strcat(cpio->pass_destpath, p);
        destpath = cpio->pass_destpath;
    }
    if (cpio->option_rename)
        destpath = cpio_rename(destpath);
    if (destpath == NULL)
        return (0);
    archive_entry_copy_pathname(entry, destpath);

    /*
     * If we're trying to preserve hardlinks, match them here.
     */
    spare = NULL;
    if (cpio->linkresolver != NULL
        && archive_entry_filetype(entry) != AE_IFDIR) {
        archive_entry_linkify(cpio->linkresolver, &entry, &spare);
    }

    if (entry != NULL) {
        r = entry_to_archive(cpio, entry);
        archive_entry_free(entry);
        if (spare != NULL) {
            if (r == 0)
                r = entry_to_archive(cpio, spare);
            archive_entry_free(spare);
        }
    }
    return (r);
}

static int
entry_to_archive(struct cpio *cpio, struct archive_entry *entry)
{
    const char *destpath = archive_entry_pathname(entry);
    const char *srcpath = archive_entry_sourcepath(entry);
    int fd = -1;
    ssize_t bytes_read;
    int r;

    /* Print out the destination name to the user. */
    if (cpio->verbose)
        fprintf(stderr,"%s", destpath);

    /*
     * Option_link only makes sense in pass mode and for
     * regular files.  Also note: if a link operation fails
     * because of cross-device restrictions, we'll fall back
     * to copy mode for that entry.
     *
     * TODO: Test other cpio implementations to see if they
     * hard-link anything other than regular files here.
     */
    if (cpio->option_link
        && archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFREG)
    {
        struct archive_entry *t;
        /* Save the original entry in case we need it later. */
        t = archive_entry_clone(entry);
        if (t == NULL)
            lafe_errc(1, ENOMEM, "Can't create link");
        /* Note: link(2) doesn't create parent directories,
         * so we use archive_write_header() instead as a
         * convenience. */
        archive_entry_set_hardlink(t, srcpath);
        /* This is a straight link that carries no data. */
        archive_entry_set_size(t, 0);
        r = archive_write_header(cpio->archive, t);
        archive_entry_free(t);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
            lafe_warnc(archive_errno(cpio->archive),
                archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
        if (r == ARCHIVE_FATAL)
            exit(1);
#ifdef EXDEV
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK && archive_errno(cpio->archive) == EXDEV) {
            /* Cross-device link:  Just fall through and use
             * the original entry to copy the file over. */
            lafe_warnc(0, "Copying file instead");
        } else
#endif
        return (0);
    }

    /*
     * Make sure we can open the file (if necessary) before
     * trying to write the header.
     */
    if (archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFREG) {
        if (archive_entry_size(entry) > 0) {
            fd = open(srcpath, O_RDONLY | O_BINARY);
            if (fd < 0) {
                lafe_warnc(errno,
                    "%s: could not open file", srcpath);
                goto cleanup;
            }
        }
    } else {
        archive_entry_set_size(entry, 0);
    }

    r = archive_write_header(cpio->archive, entry);

    if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_warnc(archive_errno(cpio->archive),
            "%s: %s",
            srcpath,
            archive_error_string(cpio->archive));

    if (r == ARCHIVE_FATAL)
        exit(1);

    if (r >= ARCHIVE_WARN && fd >= 0) {
        bytes_read = read(fd, cpio->buff, cpio->buff_size);
        while (bytes_read > 0) {
            r = archive_write_data(cpio->archive,
                cpio->buff, bytes_read);
            if (r < 0)
                lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(cpio->archive),
                    archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
            if (r < bytes_read) {
                lafe_warnc(0,
                    "Truncated write; file may have grown while being archived.");
            }
            bytes_read = read(fd, cpio->buff, cpio->buff_size);
        }
    }

    fd = restore_time(cpio, entry, srcpath, fd);

cleanup:
    if (cpio->verbose)
        fprintf(stderr,"\n");
    if (fd >= 0)
        close(fd);
    return (0);
}

static int
restore_time(struct cpio *cpio, struct archive_entry *entry,
    const char *name, int fd)
{
#ifndef HAVE_UTIMES
    static int warned = 0;

    (void)cpio; /* UNUSED */
    (void)entry; /* UNUSED */
    (void)name; /* UNUSED */

    if (!warned)
        lafe_warnc(0, "Can't restore access times on this platform");
    warned = 1;
    return (fd);
#else
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
    struct __timeval times[2];
#else
    struct timeval times[2];
#endif

    if (!cpio->option_atime_restore)
        return (fd);

        times[1].tv_sec = archive_entry_mtime(entry);
        times[1].tv_usec = archive_entry_mtime_nsec(entry) / 1000;

        times[0].tv_sec = archive_entry_atime(entry);
        times[0].tv_usec = archive_entry_atime_nsec(entry) / 1000;

#ifdef HAVE_FUTIMES
        if (fd >= 0 && futimes(fd, times) == 0)
        return (fd);
#endif
    /*
     * Some platform cannot restore access times if the file descriptor
     * is still opened.
     */
    if (fd >= 0) {
        close(fd);
        fd = -1;
    }

#ifdef HAVE_LUTIMES
        if (lutimes(name, times) != 0)
#else
        if ((AE_IFLNK != archive_entry_filetype(entry))
            && utimes(name, times) != 0)
#endif
                lafe_warnc(errno, "Can't update time for %s", name);
#endif
    return (fd);
}


static void
mode_in(struct cpio *cpio)
{
    struct archive *a;
    struct archive_entry *entry;
    struct archive *ext;
    const char *destpath;
    int r;

    ext = archive_write_disk_new();
    if (ext == NULL)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate restore object");
    r = archive_write_disk_set_options(ext, cpio->extract_flags);
    if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, archive_error_string(ext));
    a = archive_read_new();
    if (a == NULL)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate archive object");
    archive_read_support_compression_all(a);
    archive_read_support_format_all(a);

    if (archive_read_open_file(a, cpio->filename, cpio->bytes_per_block))
        lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
            archive_error_string(a));
    for (;;) {
        r = archive_read_next_header(a, &entry);
        if (r == ARCHIVE_EOF)
            break;
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
            lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
                archive_error_string(a));
        }
        if (lafe_excluded(cpio->matching, archive_entry_pathname(entry)))
            continue;
        if (cpio->option_rename) {
            destpath = cpio_rename(archive_entry_pathname(entry));
            archive_entry_set_pathname(entry, destpath);
        } else
            destpath = archive_entry_pathname(entry);
        if (destpath == NULL)
            continue;
        if (cpio->verbose)
            fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", destpath);
        if (cpio->uid_override >= 0)
            archive_entry_set_uid(entry, cpio->uid_override);
        if (cpio->gid_override >= 0)
            archive_entry_set_gid(entry, cpio->gid_override);
        r = archive_write_header(ext, entry);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
            fprintf(stderr, "%s: %s\n",
                archive_entry_pathname(entry),
                archive_error_string(ext));
        } else if (archive_entry_size(entry) > 0) {
            r = copy_data(a, ext);
        }
    }
    r = archive_read_close(a);
    if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, archive_error_string(a));
    r = archive_write_close(ext);
    if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, archive_error_string(ext));
    if (!cpio->quiet) {
        int64_t blocks = (archive_position_uncompressed(a) + 511)
                  / 512;
        fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
            blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
    }
    archive_read_finish(a);
    archive_write_finish(ext);
    exit(0);
}

static int
copy_data(struct archive *ar, struct archive *aw)
{
    int r;
    size_t size;
    const void *block;
    off_t offset;

    for (;;) {
        r = archive_read_data_block(ar, &block, &size, &offset);
        if (r == ARCHIVE_EOF)
            return (ARCHIVE_OK);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
            lafe_warnc(archive_errno(ar),
                "%s", archive_error_string(ar));
            return (r);
        }
        r = archive_write_data_block(aw, block, size, offset);
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
            lafe_warnc(archive_errno(aw),
                archive_error_string(aw));
            return (r);
        }
    }
}

static void
mode_list(struct cpio *cpio)
{
    struct archive *a;
    struct archive_entry *entry;
    int r;

    a = archive_read_new();
    if (a == NULL)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Couldn't allocate archive object");
    archive_read_support_compression_all(a);
    archive_read_support_format_all(a);

    if (archive_read_open_file(a, cpio->filename, cpio->bytes_per_block))
        lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
            archive_error_string(a));
    for (;;) {
        r = archive_read_next_header(a, &entry);
        if (r == ARCHIVE_EOF)
            break;
        if (r != ARCHIVE_OK) {
            lafe_errc(1, archive_errno(a),
                archive_error_string(a));
        }
        if (lafe_excluded(cpio->matching, archive_entry_pathname(entry)))
            continue;
        if (cpio->verbose)
            list_item_verbose(cpio, entry);
        else
            fprintf(stdout, "%s\n", archive_entry_pathname(entry));
    }
    r = archive_read_close(a);
    if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, archive_error_string(a));
    if (!cpio->quiet) {
        int64_t blocks = (archive_position_uncompressed(a) + 511)
                  / 512;
        fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
            blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
    }
    archive_read_finish(a);
    exit(0);
}

/*
 * Display information about the current file.
 *
 * The format here roughly duplicates the output of 'ls -l'.
 * This is based on SUSv2, where 'tar tv' is documented as
 * listing additional information in an "unspecified format,"
 * and 'pax -l' is documented as using the same format as 'ls -l'.
 */
static void
list_item_verbose(struct cpio *cpio, struct archive_entry *entry)
{
    char             size[32];
    char             date[32];
    char             uids[16], gids[16];
    const char      *uname, *gname;
    FILE            *out = stdout;
    const struct stat   *st;
    const char      *fmt;
    time_t           tim;
    static time_t        now;

    st = archive_entry_stat(entry);

    if (!now)
        time(&now);

    if (cpio->option_numeric_uid_gid) {
        /* Format numeric uid/gid for display. */
        snprintf(uids, sizeof(uids), CPIO_FILESIZE_PRINTF,
            (CPIO_FILESIZE_TYPE)archive_entry_uid(entry));
        uname = uids;
        snprintf(gids, sizeof(gids), CPIO_FILESIZE_PRINTF,
            (CPIO_FILESIZE_TYPE)archive_entry_gid(entry));
        gname = gids;
    } else {
        /* Use uname if it's present, else lookup name from uid. */
        uname = archive_entry_uname(entry);
        if (uname == NULL)
            uname = lookup_uname(cpio, archive_entry_uid(entry));
        /* Use gname if it's present, else lookup name from gid. */
        gname = archive_entry_gname(entry);
        if (gname == NULL)
            gname = lookup_gname(cpio, archive_entry_gid(entry));
    }

    /* Print device number or file size. */
    if (archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFCHR
        || archive_entry_filetype(entry) == AE_IFBLK) {
        snprintf(size, sizeof(size), "%lu,%lu",
            (unsigned long)archive_entry_rdevmajor(entry),
            (unsigned long)archive_entry_rdevminor(entry));
    } else {
        snprintf(size, sizeof(size), CPIO_FILESIZE_PRINTF,
            (CPIO_FILESIZE_TYPE)st->st_size);
    }

    /* Format the time using 'ls -l' conventions. */
    tim = (time_t)st->st_mtime;
#if defined(_WIN32) && !defined(__CYGWIN__)
    /* Windows' strftime function does not support %e format. */
    if (tim - now > 365*86400/2
        || tim - now < -365*86400/2)
        fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%d %b  %Y" : "%b %d  %Y";
    else
        fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%d %b %H:%M" : "%b %d %H:%M";
#else
    if (abs(tim - now) > (365/2)*86400)
        fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%e %b  %Y" : "%b %e  %Y";
    else
        fmt = cpio->day_first ? "%e %b %H:%M" : "%b %e %H:%M";
#endif
    strftime(date, sizeof(date), fmt, localtime(&tim));

    fprintf(out, "%s%3d %-8s %-8s %8s %12s %s",
        archive_entry_strmode(entry),
        archive_entry_nlink(entry),
        uname, gname, size, date,
        archive_entry_pathname(entry));

    /* Extra information for links. */
    if (archive_entry_hardlink(entry)) /* Hard link */
        fprintf(out, " link to %s", archive_entry_hardlink(entry));
    else if (archive_entry_symlink(entry)) /* Symbolic link */
        fprintf(out, " -> %s", archive_entry_symlink(entry));
    fprintf(out, "\n");
}

static void
mode_pass(struct cpio *cpio, const char *destdir)
{
    struct lafe_line_reader *lr;
    const char *p;
    int r;

    /* Ensure target dir has a trailing '/' to simplify path surgery. */
    cpio->destdir = malloc(strlen(destdir) + 8);
    strcpy(cpio->destdir, destdir);
    if (destdir[strlen(destdir) - 1] != '/')
        strcat(cpio->destdir, "/");

    cpio->archive = archive_write_disk_new();
    if (cpio->archive == NULL)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
    r = archive_write_disk_set_options(cpio->archive, cpio->extract_flags);
    if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, archive_error_string(cpio->archive));
    cpio->linkresolver = archive_entry_linkresolver_new();
    archive_write_disk_set_standard_lookup(cpio->archive);

    cpio->archive_read_disk = archive_read_disk_new();
    if (cpio->archive_read_disk == NULL)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, "Failed to allocate archive object");
    if (cpio->option_follow_links)
        archive_read_disk_set_symlink_logical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
    else
        archive_read_disk_set_symlink_physical(cpio->archive_read_disk);
    archive_read_disk_set_standard_lookup(cpio->archive_read_disk);

    lr = lafe_line_reader("-", cpio->option_null);
    while ((p = lafe_line_reader_next(lr)) != NULL)
        file_to_archive(cpio, p);
    lafe_line_reader_free(lr);

    archive_entry_linkresolver_free(cpio->linkresolver);
    r = archive_write_close(cpio->archive);
    if (r != ARCHIVE_OK)
        lafe_errc(1, 0, archive_error_string(cpio->archive));

    if (!cpio->quiet) {
        int64_t blocks =
            (archive_position_uncompressed(cpio->archive) + 511)
            / 512;
        fprintf(stderr, "%lu %s\n", (unsigned long)blocks,
            blocks == 1 ? "block" : "blocks");
    }

    archive_write_finish(cpio->archive);
}

/*
 * Prompt for a new name for this entry.  Returns a pointer to the
 * new name or NULL if the entry should not be copied.  This
 * implements the semantics defined in POSIX.1-1996, which specifies
 * that an input of '.' means the name should be unchanged.  GNU cpio
 * treats '.' as a literal new name.
 */
static const char *
cpio_rename(const char *name)
{
    static char buff[1024];
    FILE *t;
    char *p, *ret;

    t = fopen("/dev/tty", "r+");
    if (t == NULL)
        return (name);
    fprintf(t, "%s (Enter/./(new name))? ", name);
    fflush(t);

    p = fgets(buff, sizeof(buff), t);
    fclose(t);
    if (p == NULL)
        /* End-of-file is a blank line. */
        return (NULL);

    while (*p == ' ' || *p == '\t')
        ++p;
    if (*p == '\n' || *p == '\0')
        /* Empty line. */
        return (NULL);
    if (*p == '.' && p[1] == '\n')
        /* Single period preserves original name. */
        return (name);
    ret = p;
    /* Trim the final newline. */
    while (*p != '\0' && *p != '\n')
        ++p;
    /* Overwrite the final \n with a null character. */
    *p = '\0';
    return (ret);
}

static void
free_cache(struct name_cache *cache)
{
    size_t i;

    if (cache != NULL) {
        for (i = 0; i < cache->size; i++)
            free(cache->cache[i].name);
        free(cache);
    }
}

/*
 * Lookup uname/gname from uid/gid, return NULL if no match.
 */
static const char *
lookup_name(struct cpio *cpio, struct name_cache **name_cache_variable,
    int (*lookup_fn)(struct cpio *, const char **, id_t), id_t id)
{
    char asnum[16];
    struct name_cache   *cache;
    const char *name;
    int slot;


    if (*name_cache_variable == NULL) {
        *name_cache_variable = malloc(sizeof(struct name_cache));
        if (*name_cache_variable == NULL)
            lafe_errc(1, ENOMEM, "No more memory");
        memset(*name_cache_variable, 0, sizeof(struct name_cache));
        (*name_cache_variable)->size = name_cache_size;
    }

    cache = *name_cache_variable;
    cache->probes++;

    slot = id % cache->size;
    if (cache->cache[slot].name != NULL) {
        if (cache->cache[slot].id == id) {
            cache->hits++;
            return (cache->cache[slot].name);
        }
        free(cache->cache[slot].name);
        cache->cache[slot].name = NULL;
    }

    if (lookup_fn(cpio, &name, id) == 0) {
        if (name == NULL || name[0] == '\0') {
            /* If lookup failed, format it as a number. */
            snprintf(asnum, sizeof(asnum), "%u", (unsigned)id);
            name = asnum;
        }
        cache->cache[slot].name = strdup(name);
        if (cache->cache[slot].name != NULL) {
            cache->cache[slot].id = id;
            return (cache->cache[slot].name);
        }
        /*
         * Conveniently, NULL marks an empty slot, so
         * if the strdup() fails, we've just failed to
         * cache it.  No recovery necessary.
         */
    }
    return (NULL);
}

static const char *
lookup_uname(struct cpio *cpio, uid_t uid)
{
    return (lookup_name(cpio, &cpio->uname_cache,
            &lookup_uname_helper, (id_t)uid));
}

static int
lookup_uname_helper(struct cpio *cpio, const char **name, id_t id)
{
    struct passwd   *pwent;

    (void)cpio; /* UNUSED */

    errno = 0;
    pwent = getpwuid((uid_t)id);
    if (pwent == NULL) {
        *name = NULL;
        if (errno != 0)
            lafe_warnc(errno, "getpwuid(%d) failed", id);
        return (errno);
    }

    *name = pwent->pw_name;
    return (0);
}

static const char *
lookup_gname(struct cpio *cpio, gid_t gid)
{
    return (lookup_name(cpio, &cpio->gname_cache,
            &lookup_gname_helper, (id_t)gid));
}

static int
lookup_gname_helper(struct cpio *cpio, const char **name, id_t id)
{
    struct group    *grent;

    (void)cpio; /* UNUSED */

    errno = 0;
    grent = getgrgid((gid_t)id);
    if (grent == NULL) {
        *name = NULL;
        if (errno != 0)
            lafe_warnc(errno, "getgrgid(%d) failed", id);
        return (errno);
    }

    *name = grent->gr_name;
    return (0);
}