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664 lines
21 KiB
664 lines
21 KiB
.. cmake-manual-description: CMake Command-Line Reference
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cmake(1)
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********
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Synopsis
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========
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.. parsed-literal::
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`Generate a Project Buildsystem`_
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cmake [<options>] <path-to-source>
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cmake [<options>] <path-to-existing-build>
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cmake [<options>] -S <path-to-source> -B <path-to-build>
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`Build a Project`_
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cmake --build <dir> [<options>] [-- <build-tool-options>]
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`Install a Project`_
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cmake --install <dir> [<options>]
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`Open a Project`_
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cmake --open <dir>
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`Run a Script`_
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cmake [{-D <var>=<value>}...] -P <cmake-script-file>
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`Run a Command-Line Tool`_
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cmake -E <command> [<options>]
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`Run the Find-Package Tool`_
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cmake --find-package [<options>]
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`View Help`_
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cmake --help[-<topic>]
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Description
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===========
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The **cmake** executable is the command-line interface of the cross-platform
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buildsystem generator CMake. The above `Synopsis`_ lists various actions
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the tool can perform as described in sections below.
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To build a software project with CMake, `Generate a Project Buildsystem`_.
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Optionally use **cmake** to `Build a Project`_, `Install a Project`_ or just
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run the corresponding build tool (e.g. ``make``) directly. **cmake** can also
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be used to `View Help`_.
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The other actions are meant for use by software developers writing
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scripts in the :manual:`CMake language <cmake-language(7)>` to support
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their builds.
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For graphical user interfaces that may be used in place of **cmake**,
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see :manual:`ccmake <ccmake(1)>` and :manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>`.
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For command-line interfaces to the CMake testing and packaging facilities,
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see :manual:`ctest <ctest(1)>` and :manual:`cpack <cpack(1)>`.
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For more information on CMake at large, `see also`_ the links at the end
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of this manual.
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Introduction to CMake Buildsystems
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==================================
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A *buildsystem* describes how to build a project's executables and libraries
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from its source code using a *build tool* to automate the process. For
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example, a buildsystem may be a ``Makefile`` for use with a command-line
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``make`` tool or a project file for an Integrated Development Environment
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(IDE). In order to avoid maintaining multiple such buildsystems, a project
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may specify its buildsystem abstractly using files written in the
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:manual:`CMake language <cmake-language(7)>`. From these files CMake
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generates a preferred buildsystem locally for each user through a backend
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called a *generator*.
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To generate a buildsystem with CMake, the following must be selected:
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Source Tree
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The top-level directory containing source files provided by the project.
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The project specifies its buildsystem using files as described in the
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:manual:`cmake-language(7)` manual, starting with a top-level file named
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``CMakeLists.txt``. These files specify build targets and their
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dependencies as described in the :manual:`cmake-buildsystem(7)` manual.
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Build Tree
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The top-level directory in which buildsystem files and build output
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artifacts (e.g. executables and libraries) are to be stored.
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CMake will write a ``CMakeCache.txt`` file to identify the directory
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as a build tree and store persistent information such as buildsystem
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configuration options.
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To maintain a pristine source tree, perform an *out-of-source* build
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by using a separate dedicated build tree. An *in-source* build in
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which the build tree is placed in the same directory as the source
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tree is also supported, but discouraged.
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Generator
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This chooses the kind of buildsystem to generate. See the
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:manual:`cmake-generators(7)` manual for documentation of all generators.
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Run ``cmake --help`` to see a list of generators available locally.
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Optionally use the ``-G`` option below to specify a generator, or simply
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accept the default CMake chooses for the current platform.
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When using one of the :ref:`Command-Line Build Tool Generators`
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CMake expects that the environment needed by the compiler toolchain
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is already configured in the shell. When using one of the
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:ref:`IDE Build Tool Generators`, no particular environment is needed.
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Generate a Project Buildsystem
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==============================
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Run CMake with one of the following command signatures to specify the
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source and build trees and generate a buildsystem:
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``cmake [<options>] <path-to-source>``
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Uses the current working directory as the build tree, and
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``<path-to-source>`` as the source tree. The specified path may
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be absolute or relative to the current working directory.
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The source tree must contain a ``CMakeLists.txt`` file and must
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*not* contain a ``CMakeCache.txt`` file because the latter
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identifies an existing build tree. For example:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ mkdir build ; cd build
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$ cmake ../src
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``cmake [<options>] <path-to-existing-build>``
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Uses ``<path-to-existing-build>`` as the build tree, and loads the
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path to the source tree from its ``CMakeCache.txt`` file, which must
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have already been generated by a previous run of CMake. The specified
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path may be absolute or relative to the current working directory.
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For example:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ cd build
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$ cmake .
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``cmake [<options>] -S <path-to-source> -B <path-to-build>``
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Uses ``<path-to-build>`` as the build tree and ``<path-to-source>``
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as the source tree. The specified paths may be absolute or relative
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to the current working directory. The source tree must contain a
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``CMakeLists.txt`` file. The build tree will be created automatically
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if it does not already exist. For example:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ cmake -S src -B build
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In all cases the ``<options>`` may be zero or more of the `Options`_ below.
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After generating a buildsystem one may use the corresponding native
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build tool to build the project. For example, after using the
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:generator:`Unix Makefiles` generator one may run ``make`` directly:
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.. code-block:: console
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$ make
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$ make install
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Alternatively, one may use **cmake** to `Build a Project`_ by
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automatically choosing and invoking the appropriate native build tool.
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.. _`CMake Options`:
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Options
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-------
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.. include:: OPTIONS_BUILD.txt
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``-L[A][H]``
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List non-advanced cached variables.
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List ``CACHE`` variables will run CMake and list all the variables from
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the CMake ``CACHE`` that are not marked as ``INTERNAL`` or :prop_cache:`ADVANCED`.
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This will effectively display current CMake settings, which can then be
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changed with ``-D`` option. Changing some of the variables may result
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in more variables being created. If ``A`` is specified, then it will
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display also advanced variables. If ``H`` is specified, it will also
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display help for each variable.
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``-N``
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View mode only.
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Only load the cache. Do not actually run configure and generate
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steps.
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``--graphviz=[file]``
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Generate graphviz of dependencies, see :module:`CMakeGraphVizOptions` for more.
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Generate a graphviz input file that will contain all the library and
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executable dependencies in the project. See the documentation for
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:module:`CMakeGraphVizOptions` for more details.
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``--system-information [file]``
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Dump information about this system.
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Dump a wide range of information about the current system. If run
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from the top of a binary tree for a CMake project it will dump
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additional information such as the cache, log files etc.
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``--loglevel=<ERROR|WARNING|NOTICE|STATUS|VERBOSE|DEBUG|TRACE>``
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Set the log level.
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The :command:`message` command will only output messages of the specified
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log level or higher. The default log level is ``STATUS``.
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``--debug-trycompile``
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Do not delete the :command:`try_compile` build tree.
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Only useful on one :command:`try_compile` at a time.
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Do not delete the files and directories created for :command:`try_compile`
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calls. This is useful in debugging failed try_compiles. It may
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however change the results of the try-compiles as old junk from a
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previous try-compile may cause a different test to either pass or
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fail incorrectly. This option is best used for one try-compile at a
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time, and only when debugging.
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``--debug-output``
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Put cmake in a debug mode.
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Print extra information during the cmake run like stack traces with
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:command:`message(SEND_ERROR)` calls.
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``--trace``
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Put cmake in trace mode.
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Print a trace of all calls made and from where.
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``--trace-expand``
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Put cmake in trace mode.
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Like ``--trace``, but with variables expanded.
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``--trace-source=<file>``
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Put cmake in trace mode, but output only lines of a specified file.
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Multiple options are allowed.
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``--warn-uninitialized``
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Warn about uninitialized values.
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Print a warning when an uninitialized variable is used.
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``--warn-unused-vars``
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Warn about unused variables.
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Find variables that are declared or set, but not used.
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``--no-warn-unused-cli``
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Don't warn about command line options.
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Don't find variables that are declared on the command line, but not
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used.
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``--check-system-vars``
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Find problems with variable usage in system files.
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Normally, unused and uninitialized variables are searched for only
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in :variable:`CMAKE_SOURCE_DIR` and :variable:`CMAKE_BINARY_DIR`.
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This flag tells CMake to warn about other files as well.
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.. _`Build Tool Mode`:
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Build a Project
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===============
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CMake provides a command-line signature to build an already-generated
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project binary tree:
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.. code-block:: shell
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cmake --build <dir> [<options>] [-- <build-tool-options>]
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This abstracts a native build tool's command-line interface with the
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following options:
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``--build <dir>``
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Project binary directory to be built. This is required and must be first.
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``--parallel [<jobs>], -j [<jobs>]``
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The maximum number of concurrent processes to use when building.
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If ``<jobs>`` is omitted the native build tool's default number is used.
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The :envvar:`CMAKE_BUILD_PARALLEL_LEVEL` environment variable, if set,
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specifies a default parallel level when this option is not given.
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Some native build tools always build in parallel. The use of ``<jobs>``
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value of ``1`` can be used to limit to a single job.
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``--target <tgt>..., -t <tgt>...``
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Build ``<tgt>`` instead of the default target. Multiple targets may be
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given, separated by spaces.
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``--config <cfg>``
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For multi-configuration tools, choose configuration ``<cfg>``.
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``--clean-first``
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Build target ``clean`` first, then build.
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(To clean only, use ``--target clean``.)
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``--use-stderr``
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Ignored. Behavior is default in CMake >= 3.0.
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``--verbose, -v``
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Enable verbose output - if supported - including the build commands to be
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executed.
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This option can be omitted if :envvar:`VERBOSE` environment variable or
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:variable:`CMAKE_VERBOSE_MAKEFILE` cached variable is set.
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``--``
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Pass remaining options to the native tool.
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Run ``cmake --build`` with no options for quick help.
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Install a Project
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=================
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CMake provides a command-line signature to install an already-generated
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project binary tree:
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.. code-block:: shell
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cmake --install <dir> [<options>]
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This may be used after building a project to run installation without
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using the generated build system or the native build tool.
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The options are:
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``--install <dir>``
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Project binary directory to install. This is required and must be first.
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``--config <cfg>``
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For multi-configuration generators, choose configuration ``<cfg>``.
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``--component <comp>``
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Component-based install. Only install component ``<comp>``.
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``--prefix <prefix>``
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Override the installation prefix, :variable:`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX`.
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``--strip``
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Strip before installing.
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``-v, --verbose``
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Enable verbose output.
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This option can be omitted if :envvar:`VERBOSE` environment variable is set.
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Run ``cmake --install`` with no options for quick help.
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Open a Project
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==============
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.. code-block:: shell
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cmake --open <dir>
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Open the generated project in the associated application. This is only
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supported by some generators.
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.. _`Script Processing Mode`:
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Run a Script
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============
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.. code-block:: shell
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cmake [{-D <var>=<value>}...] -P <cmake-script-file>
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Process the given cmake file as a script written in the CMake
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language. No configure or generate step is performed and the cache
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is not modified. If variables are defined using ``-D``, this must be
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done before the ``-P`` argument.
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Run a Command-Line Tool
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=======================
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CMake provides builtin command-line tools through the signature
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.. code-block:: shell
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cmake -E <command> [<options>]
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Run ``cmake -E`` or ``cmake -E help`` for a summary of commands.
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Available commands are:
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``capabilities``
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Report cmake capabilities in JSON format. The output is a JSON object
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with the following keys:
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``version``
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A JSON object with version information. Keys are:
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``string``
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The full version string as displayed by cmake ``--version``.
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``major``
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The major version number in integer form.
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``minor``
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The minor version number in integer form.
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``patch``
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The patch level in integer form.
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``suffix``
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The cmake version suffix string.
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``isDirty``
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A bool that is set if the cmake build is from a dirty tree.
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``generators``
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A list available generators. Each generator is a JSON object with the
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following keys:
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``name``
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A string containing the name of the generator.
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``toolsetSupport``
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``true`` if the generator supports toolsets and ``false`` otherwise.
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``platformSupport``
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``true`` if the generator supports platforms and ``false`` otherwise.
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``extraGenerators``
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A list of strings with all the extra generators compatible with
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the generator.
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``fileApi``
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Optional member that is present when the :manual:`cmake-file-api(7)`
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is available. The value is a JSON object with one member:
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``requests``
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A JSON array containing zero or more supported file-api requests.
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Each request is a JSON object with members:
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``kind``
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Specifies one of the supported :ref:`file-api object kinds`.
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``version``
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A JSON array whose elements are each a JSON object containing
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``major`` and ``minor`` members specifying non-negative integer
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version components.
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``serverMode``
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``true`` if cmake supports server-mode and ``false`` otherwise.
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``chdir <dir> <cmd> [<arg>...]``
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Change the current working directory and run a command.
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``compare_files [--ignore-eol] <file1> <file2>``
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Check if ``<file1>`` is same as ``<file2>``. If files are the same,
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then returns ``0``, if not it returns ``1``. The ``--ignore-eol`` option
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implies line-wise comparison and ignores LF/CRLF differences.
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``copy <file>... <destination>``
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Copy files to ``<destination>`` (either file or directory).
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If multiple files are specified, the ``<destination>`` must be
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directory and it must exist. Wildcards are not supported.
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``copy`` does follow symlinks. That means it does not copy symlinks,
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but the files or directories it point to.
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``copy_directory <dir>... <destination>``
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Copy directories to ``<destination>`` directory.
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If ``<destination>`` directory does not exist it will be created.
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``copy_directory`` does follow symlinks.
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``copy_if_different <file>... <destination>``
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Copy files to ``<destination>`` (either file or directory) if
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they have changed.
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If multiple files are specified, the ``<destination>`` must be
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directory and it must exist.
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``copy_if_different`` does follow symlinks.
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``echo [<string>...]``
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Displays arguments as text.
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``echo_append [<string>...]``
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Displays arguments as text but no new line.
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``env [--unset=NAME]... [NAME=VALUE]... COMMAND [ARG]...``
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Run command in a modified environment.
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``environment``
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Display the current environment variables.
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``make_directory <dir>...``
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Create ``<dir>`` directories. If necessary, create parent
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directories too. If a directory already exists it will be
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silently ignored.
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``md5sum <file>...``
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Create MD5 checksum of files in ``md5sum`` compatible format::
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351abe79cd3800b38cdfb25d45015a15 file1.txt
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052f86c15bbde68af55c7f7b340ab639 file2.txt
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``sha1sum <file>...``
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Create SHA1 checksum of files in ``sha1sum`` compatible format::
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4bb7932a29e6f73c97bb9272f2bdc393122f86e0 file1.txt
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1df4c8f318665f9a5f2ed38f55adadb7ef9f559c file2.txt
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``sha224sum <file>...``
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Create SHA224 checksum of files in ``sha224sum`` compatible format::
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b9b9346bc8437bbda630b0b7ddfc5ea9ca157546dbbf4c613192f930 file1.txt
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6dfbe55f4d2edc5fe5c9197bca51ceaaf824e48eba0cc453088aee24 file2.txt
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``sha256sum <file>...``
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Create SHA256 checksum of files in ``sha256sum`` compatible format::
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76713b23615d31680afeb0e9efe94d47d3d4229191198bb46d7485f9cb191acc file1.txt
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15b682ead6c12dedb1baf91231e1e89cfc7974b3787c1e2e01b986bffadae0ea file2.txt
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``sha384sum <file>...``
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Create SHA384 checksum of files in ``sha384sum`` compatible format::
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acc049fedc091a22f5f2ce39a43b9057fd93c910e9afd76a6411a28a8f2b8a12c73d7129e292f94fc0329c309df49434 file1.txt
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668ddeb108710d271ee21c0f3acbd6a7517e2b78f9181c6a2ff3b8943af92b0195dcb7cce48aa3e17893173c0a39e23d file2.txt
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``sha512sum <file>...``
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Create SHA512 checksum of files in ``sha512sum`` compatible format::
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2a78d7a6c5328cfb1467c63beac8ff21794213901eaadafd48e7800289afbc08e5fb3e86aa31116c945ee3d7bf2a6194489ec6101051083d1108defc8e1dba89 file1.txt
|
|
7a0b54896fe5e70cca6dd643ad6f672614b189bf26f8153061c4d219474b05dad08c4e729af9f4b009f1a1a280cb625454bf587c690f4617c27e3aebdf3b7a2d file2.txt
|
|
|
|
``remove [-f] <file>...``
|
|
Remove the file(s). If any of the listed files already do not
|
|
exist, the command returns a non-zero exit code, but no message
|
|
is logged. The ``-f`` option changes the behavior to return a
|
|
zero exit code (i.e. success) in such situations instead.
|
|
``remove`` does not follow symlinks. That means it remove only symlinks
|
|
and not files it point to.
|
|
|
|
``remove_directory <dir>...``
|
|
Remove ``<dir>`` directories and their contents. If a directory does
|
|
not exist it will be silently ignored.
|
|
|
|
``rename <oldname> <newname>``
|
|
Rename a file or directory (on one volume). If file with the ``<newname>`` name
|
|
already exists, then it will be silently replaced.
|
|
|
|
``server``
|
|
Launch :manual:`cmake-server(7)` mode.
|
|
|
|
``sleep <number>...``
|
|
Sleep for given number of seconds.
|
|
|
|
``tar [cxt][vf][zjJ] file.tar [<options>] [--] [<pathname>...]``
|
|
Create or extract a tar or zip archive. Options are:
|
|
|
|
``c``
|
|
Create a new archive containing the specified files.
|
|
If used, the ``<pathname>...`` argument is mandatory.
|
|
``x``
|
|
Extract to disk from the archive.
|
|
The ``<pathname>...`` argument could be used to extract only selected files
|
|
or directories.
|
|
When extracting selected files or directories, you must provide their exact
|
|
names including the path, as printed by list (``-t``).
|
|
``t``
|
|
List archive contents.
|
|
The ``<pathname>...`` argument could be used to list only selected files
|
|
or directories.
|
|
``v``
|
|
Produce verbose output.
|
|
``z``
|
|
Compress the resulting archive with gzip.
|
|
``j``
|
|
Compress the resulting archive with bzip2.
|
|
``J``
|
|
Compress the resulting archive with XZ.
|
|
``--zstd``
|
|
Compress the resulting archive with Zstandard.
|
|
``--files-from=<file>``
|
|
Read file names from the given file, one per line.
|
|
Blank lines are ignored. Lines may not start in ``-``
|
|
except for ``--add-file=<name>`` to add files whose
|
|
names start in ``-``.
|
|
``--format=<format>``
|
|
Specify the format of the archive to be created.
|
|
Supported formats are: ``7zip``, ``gnutar``, ``pax``,
|
|
``paxr`` (restricted pax, default), and ``zip``.
|
|
``--mtime=<date>``
|
|
Specify modification time recorded in tarball entries.
|
|
``--``
|
|
Stop interpreting options and treat all remaining arguments
|
|
as file names, even if they start with ``-``.
|
|
|
|
|
|
``time <command> [<args>...]``
|
|
Run command and display elapsed time.
|
|
|
|
``touch <file>...``
|
|
Creates ``<file>`` if file do not exist.
|
|
If ``<file>`` exists, it is changing ``<file>`` access and modification times.
|
|
|
|
``touch_nocreate <file>...``
|
|
Touch a file if it exists but do not create it. If a file does
|
|
not exist it will be silently ignored.
|
|
|
|
``create_symlink <old> <new>``
|
|
Create a symbolic link ``<new>`` naming ``<old>``.
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
Path to where ``<new>`` symbolic link will be created has to exist beforehand.
|
|
|
|
Windows-specific Command-Line Tools
|
|
-----------------------------------
|
|
|
|
The following ``cmake -E`` commands are available only on Windows:
|
|
|
|
``delete_regv <key>``
|
|
Delete Windows registry value.
|
|
|
|
``env_vs8_wince <sdkname>``
|
|
Displays a batch file which sets the environment for the provided
|
|
Windows CE SDK installed in VS2005.
|
|
|
|
``env_vs9_wince <sdkname>``
|
|
Displays a batch file which sets the environment for the provided
|
|
Windows CE SDK installed in VS2008.
|
|
|
|
``write_regv <key> <value>``
|
|
Write Windows registry value.
|
|
|
|
|
|
Run the Find-Package Tool
|
|
=========================
|
|
|
|
CMake provides a pkg-config like helper for Makefile-based projects:
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
|
|
cmake --find-package [<options>]
|
|
|
|
It searches a package using :command:`find_package()` and prints the
|
|
resulting flags to stdout. This can be used instead of pkg-config
|
|
to find installed libraries in plain Makefile-based projects or in
|
|
autoconf-based projects (via ``share/aclocal/cmake.m4``).
|
|
|
|
.. note::
|
|
This mode is not well-supported due to some technical limitations.
|
|
It is kept for compatibility but should not be used in new projects.
|
|
|
|
|
|
View Help
|
|
=========
|
|
|
|
To print selected pages from the CMake documentation, use
|
|
|
|
.. code-block:: shell
|
|
|
|
cmake --help[-<topic>]
|
|
|
|
with one of the following options:
|
|
|
|
.. include:: OPTIONS_HELP.txt
|
|
|
|
|
|
See Also
|
|
========
|
|
|
|
.. include:: LINKS.txt
|