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312 lines
8.9 KiB
312 lines
8.9 KiB
Step 5: Installing and Testing
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==============================
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Exercise 1 - Install Rules
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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Often, it is not enough to only build an executable, it should also be
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installable. With CMake, we can specify install rules using the
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:command:`install` command. Supporting local installations for your builds in
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CMake is often as simple as specifying an install location and the targets and
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files to be installed.
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Goal
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----
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Install the ``Tutorial`` executable and the ``MathFunctions`` library.
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Helpful Materials
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-----------------
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* :command:`install`
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Files to Edit
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-------------
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* ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt``
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* ``CMakeLists.txt``
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Getting Started
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---------------
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The starting code is provided in the ``Step5`` directory. In this
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exercise, complete ``TODO 1`` through ``TODO 4``.
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First, update ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt`` to install the
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``MathFunctions`` and ``tutorial_compiler_flags`` libraries to the ``lib``
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directory. In that same file, specify the install rules needed to install
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``MathFunctions.h`` to the ``include`` directory.
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Then, update the top level ``CMakeLists.txt`` to install
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the ``Tutorial`` executable to the ``bin`` directory. Lastly, any header files
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should be installed to the ``include`` directory. Remember that
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``TutorialConfig.h`` is in the :variable:`PROJECT_BINARY_DIR`.
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Build and Run
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-------------
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Make a new directory called ``Step5_build``. Run the
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:manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` executable or the
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:manual:`cmake-gui <cmake-gui(1)>` to configure the project and then build it
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with your chosen build tool.
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Then, run the install step by using the :option:`--install <cmake --install>`
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option of the :manual:`cmake <cmake(1)>` command (introduced in 3.15, older
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versions of CMake must use ``make install``) from the command line. This step
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will install the appropriate header files, libraries, and executables.
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For example:
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.. code-block:: console
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cmake --install .
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For multi-configuration tools, don't forget to use the
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:option:`--config <cmake--build --config>` argument to specify the configuration.
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.. code-block:: console
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cmake --install . --config Release
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If using an IDE, simply build the ``INSTALL`` target. You can build the same
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install target from the command line like the following:
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.. code-block:: console
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cmake --build . --target install --config Debug
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The CMake variable :variable:`CMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX` is used to determine the
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root of where the files will be installed. If using the :option:`cmake --install`
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command, the installation prefix can be overridden via the
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:option:`--prefix <cmake--install --prefix>` argument. For example:
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.. code-block:: console
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cmake --install . --prefix "/home/myuser/installdir"
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Navigate to the install directory and verify that the installed ``Tutorial``
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runs.
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Solution
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--------
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The install rules for our project are fairly simple:
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* For ``MathFunctions``, we want to install the libraries and header file to
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the ``lib`` and ``include`` directories respectively.
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* For the ``Tutorial`` executable, we want to install the executable and
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configured header file to the ``bin`` and ``include`` directories
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respectively.
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So to the end of ``MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt`` we add:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 1: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step6/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 1: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-install-TARGETS
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # install libs
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:end-before: # install include headers
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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and
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 2: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step6/MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 2: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt
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:name: MathFunctions/CMakeLists.txt-install-headers
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # install include headers
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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The install rules for the ``Tutorial`` executable and configured header file
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are similar. To the end of the top-level ``CMakeLists.txt`` we add:
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 3,4: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step6/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: TODO 3,4: CMakeLists.txt-install-TARGETS
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # add the install targets
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:end-before: # TODO 1: Replace enable_testing() with include(CTest)
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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That is all that is needed to create a basic local
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install of the tutorial.
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.. _`Tutorial Testing Support`:
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Exercise 2 - Testing Support
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^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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CTest offers a way to easily manage tests for your project. Tests can be
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added through the :command:`add_test` command. Although it is not
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explicitly covered in this tutorial, there is a lot of compatibility
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between CTest and other testing frameworks such as :module:`GoogleTest`.
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Goal
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----
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Create unit tests for our executable using CTest.
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Helpful Materials
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-----------------
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* :command:`enable_testing`
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* :command:`add_test`
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* :command:`function`
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* :command:`set_tests_properties`
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* :manual:`ctest <ctest(1)>`
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Files to Edit
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-------------
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* ``CMakeLists.txt``
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Getting Started
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---------------
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The starting source code is provided in the ``Step5`` directory. In this
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exercise, complete ``TODO 5`` through ``TODO 9``.
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First, we need to enable testing. Next, begin adding tests to our project
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using :command:`add_test`. We will work through adding 3 simple tests and
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then you can add additional testing as you see fit.
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Build and Run
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-------------
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Navigate to the build directory and rebuild the application. Then, run the
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:program:`ctest` executable: :option:`ctest -N` and :option:`ctest -VV`. For
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multi-config generators (e.g. Visual Studio), the configuration type must be
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specified with the :option:`-C \<mode\> <ctest -C>` flag. For example, to run tests in Debug
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mode use ``ctest -C Debug -VV`` from the build directory
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(not the Debug subdirectory!). Release mode would be executed from the same
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location but with a ``-C Release``. Alternatively, build the ``RUN_TESTS``
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target from the IDE.
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Solution
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--------
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Let's test our application. At the end of the top-level ``CMakeLists.txt``
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file we first need to enable testing with the
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:command:`enable_testing` command.
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 5: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step6/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 5: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-enable_testing
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # enable testing
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:end-before: # does the application run
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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With testing enabled, we will add a number of basic tests to verify
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that the application is working correctly. First, we create a test using
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:command:`add_test` which runs the ``Tutorial`` executable with the
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parameter 25 passed in. For this test, we are not going to check the
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executable's computed answer. This test will verify that
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application runs, does not segfault or otherwise crash, and has a zero
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return value. This is the basic form of a CTest test.
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 6: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step6/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 6: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-test-runs
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # does the application run
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:end-before: # does the usage message work
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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Next, let's use the :prop_test:`PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION` test property to
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verify that the output of the test contains certain strings. In this case,
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verifying that the usage message is printed when an incorrect number of
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arguments are provided.
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 7: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step6/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 7: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-test-usage
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # does the usage message work?
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:end-before: # define a function to simplify adding tests
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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The next test we will add verifies the computed value is truly the
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square root.
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 8: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. code-block:: cmake
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:caption: TODO 8: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-test-standard
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add_test(NAME StandardUse COMMAND Tutorial 4)
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set_tests_properties(StandardUse
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PROPERTIES PASS_REGULAR_EXPRESSION "4 is 2"
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)
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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This one test is not enough to give us confidence that it will
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work for all values passed in. We should add more tests to verify this.
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To easily add more tests, we make a function called ``do_test`` that runs the
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application and verifies that the computed square root is correct for
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given input. For each invocation of ``do_test``, another test is added to
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the project with a name, input, and expected results based on the passed
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arguments.
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.. raw:: html
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<details><summary>TODO 9: Click to show/hide answer</summary>
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.. literalinclude:: Step6/CMakeLists.txt
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:caption: TODO 9: CMakeLists.txt
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:name: CMakeLists.txt-generalized-tests
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:language: cmake
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:start-after: # define a function to simplify adding tests
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.. raw:: html
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</details>
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