releasing package livecd-rootfs version 26.04.23

Determine used flavour by looking at the suffix of kernel.
hwe is currently the only one that needs to have a prefix
added so we can hardcode that.

debian/changelog

@@ -1,3 +1,59 @@
+livecd-rootfs (26.04.23) resolute; urgency=medium
+
+  [ Tobias Heider ]
+  * Fix ISO builds when KERNEL_FLAVOUR != generic.
+
+ -- Michael Hudson-Doyle <michael.hudson@ubuntu.com>  Mon, 02 Mar 2026 10:51:47 +1300
+
+livecd-rootfs (26.04.22) resolute; urgency=medium
+
+  [ Oliver Gayot ]
+  * Pull the model from Launchpad's lp:canonical-models
+    repo, instead of having it uploaded as part of livecd-rootfs. This
+    indirection makes it possible to update the models without requiring a new
+    upload of livecd-rootfs every time.
+
+  [ Michael Hudson-Doyle ]
+  * Fix two more problems with livefs-built ISOs:
+    - Generate the for-iso squashfs in the right place for Kubuntu.
+    - Fix confusion about the kernel path on the ISO on riscv64.
+
+  [ Tobias Heider ]
+  * Fix pool generation when using extra_ppas.
+
+ -- Michael Hudson-Doyle <michael.hudson@ubuntu.com>  Thu, 26 Feb 2026 10:56:42 +1300
+
+livecd-rootfs (26.04.21) resolute; urgency=medium
+
+  [ Dan Bungert ]
+  * Update new signed models to ship latest nvidia drivers for ubuntu hybrid.
+
+ -- Didier Roche-Tolomelli <didrocks@ubuntu.com>  Wed, 25 Feb 2026 08:38:32 +0100
+
+livecd-rootfs (26.04.20) resolute; urgency=medium
+
+  [ Michael Raymond ]
+  * Bug-fix: Only use main archive keyring when building with debootstrap
+    so EOL release signatures can be verified after EOL.
+
+  [ Allen Abraham ]
+  * Make SBOM generation optional in create_manifest function.
+
+  [ Michael Hudson-Doyle ]
+  * 030-ubuntu-live-system-seed.binary: do not run if there is no layer to
+    install the system, in particular on arm64.
+  * Fix some path confusion in the new isobuilder.boot package and refactor
+    grub config generation to be more string based.
+
+ -- Michael Hudson-Doyle <michael.hudson@ubuntu.com>  Fri, 20 Feb 2026 12:45:41 +1300
+
+livecd-rootfs (26.04.19) resolute; urgency=medium
+
+  * Translate the debian-cd tools/boot/$series/boot-$arch scripts to Python
+    and use that to make ISOs bootable rather than cloning debian-cd.
+
+ -- Michael Hudson-Doyle <michael.hudson@ubuntu.com>  Tue, 17 Feb 2026 11:16:43 +1300
+
 livecd-rootfs (26.04.18) resolute; urgency=medium
 
   [ Michael Hudson-Doyle ]

live-build/auto/build

@@ -576,7 +576,7 @@ if [ "${MAKE_ISO}" = "yes" ]; then
 	# create a for-iso.filesystem.squashfs that does.
 	if [ -z "$PASSES" ]; then
 		isobuild generate-sources --mountpoint=/cdrom > chroot/etc/apt/sources.list.d/cdrom.sources
-		create_squashfs chroot for-iso.filesystem.squashfs
+		create_squashfs chroot ${PWD}/for-iso.filesystem.squashfs
 	fi
 	# Link kernel and initrd files. The ${thing#${PREFIX}} expansion strips
 	# the PREFIX, so "livecd.ubuntu-server.kernel-generic" becomes

live-build/auto/config

@@ -1166,6 +1166,7 @@ case $PROJECT in
 		OPTS="${OPTS:+$OPTS }--linux-packages=none --initramfs=none"
 		KERNEL_FLAVOURS=none
 		BINARY_REMOVE_LINUX=false
+		MAKE_ISO=yes
 
 		add_package install mini-iso-tools linux-generic
 		case $ARCH in
@@ -1396,6 +1397,8 @@ if [ -n "$PASSES" ] && [ -z "$LIVE_PASSES" ]; then
 	     "Either set \$LIVE_PASSES or add a pass ending with '.live'."
 fi
 
+echo "DEBOOTSTRAP_OPTIONS=\"--keyring=/usr/share/keyrings/ubuntu-archive-keyring.gpg\"" >> config/bootstrap
+
 echo "LB_CHROOT_HOOKS=\"$CHROOT_HOOKS\"" >> config/chroot
 echo "SUBPROJECT=\"${SUBPROJECT:-}\"" >> config/chroot
 echo "LB_DISTRIBUTION=\"$SUITE\"" >> config/chroot

live-build/functions

@@ -44,6 +44,7 @@ create_manifest() {
     local base_default_sbom_name="ubuntu-cloud-image-$(grep "VERSION_ID" $chroot_root/etc/os-release | cut --delimiter "=" --field 2 | tr -d '"')-${ARCH}-$(date +%Y%m%dT%H:%M:%S)"
     local sbom_file_name=${3:-"${base_default_sbom_name}.spdx"}
     local sbom_document_name=${4:-"${base_default_sbom_name}"}
+    local should_include_sbom=${5:-"true"}
     local sbom_log=${sbom_document_name}.log
     echo "create_manifest chroot_root: ${chroot_root}"
     dpkg-query --show --admindir="${chroot_root}/var/lib/dpkg" > ${target_file}
@@ -54,21 +55,25 @@ create_manifest() {
         echo "create_manifest creating file listing."
         local target_filelist=${2%.manifest}.filelist
         (cd "${chroot_root}" && find -xdev) | sort > "${target_filelist}"
-        # only creating sboms for CPC project at this time
+        if [ "$should_include_sbom" = "true" ]; then
-        if [[ ! $(which cpc-sbom) ]]; then
+            # only creating sboms for CPC project at this time
-            # ensure the tool is installed
+            if [[ ! $(which cpc-sbom) ]]; then
-            sudo snap install --classic --edge cpc-sbom
+                # ensure the tool is installed
-        fi
+                sudo snap install --classic --edge cpc-sbom
-        # generate the SBOM
+            fi
-        cpc-sbom --rootdir ${chroot_root} --ignore-copyright-parsing-errors --ignore-copyright-file-not-found-errors --document-name ${sbom_document_name} >"${sbom_file_name}" 2>"${sbom_log}"
+            # generate the SBOM
-        SBOM_GENERATION_EXIT_CODE=$?
+            cpc-sbom --rootdir ${chroot_root} --ignore-copyright-parsing-errors --ignore-copyright-file-not-found-errors --document-name ${sbom_document_name} >"${sbom_file_name}" 2>"${sbom_log}"
-        if [[ ${SBOM_GENERATION_EXIT_CODE} !=  "0" ]]; then
+            SBOM_GENERATION_EXIT_CODE=$?
-        # check for failure and print log
+            if [[ ${SBOM_GENERATION_EXIT_CODE} !=  "0" ]]; then
-            echo "ERROR: SBOM generation failed. See ${sbom_log}"
+            # check for failure and print log
-            cat "$sbom_log"
+                echo "ERROR: SBOM generation failed. See ${sbom_log}"
-            exit 1
+                cat "$sbom_log"
+                exit 1
+            else
+                echo "SBOM generation succeeded. see ${sbom_log} for details"
+            fi
         else
-            echo "SBOM generation succeeded. see ${sbom_log} for details"
+            echo "SBOM generation skipped"
         fi
     fi
     echo "create_manifest finished"

live-build/isobuilder/apt_state.py

@@ -82,7 +82,7 @@ class AptStateManager:
         if params:
             yield PackageInfo(**params)
 
-    def download(self, rootdir: pathlib.Path, pkg_info: PackageInfo):
+    def download(self, rootdir: pathlib.Path, pkg_info: PackageInfo) -> None:
         """Download the package specified by `pkg_info` under `rootdir`.
 
         The package is saved to the same path under `rootdir` as it is
@@ -90,9 +90,17 @@ class AptStateManager:
         """
         target_dir = rootdir.joinpath(pkg_info.filename).parent
         target_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+        self.download_direct(pkg_info.spec, target_dir)
+
+    def download_direct(self, spec: str, target: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+        """Download the package specified by spec to target directory.
+
+        The package is downloaded using apt-get download and saved directly
+        in the target directory.
+        """
         self.logger.run(
-            ["apt-get", "download", pkg_info.spec],
+            ["apt-get", "download", spec],
-            cwd=target_dir,
+            cwd=target,
             check=True,
             env=self._apt_env(),
         )
@@ -100,10 +108,10 @@ class AptStateManager:
     def in_release_path(self) -> pathlib.Path:
         """Return the path to the InRelease file.
 
-        This assumes exactly one InRelease file matches the pattern.
+        This ignores all but the first path.
-        Will raise ValueError if there are 0 or multiple matches.
+        Will raise Error if there isn't at least one match.
         """
         [path] = self.apt_root.joinpath("var/lib/apt/lists").glob(
-            f"*_dists_{self.series}_InRelease"
+            f"*ubuntu.com*_dists_{self.series}_InRelease"
         )
         return path

live-build/isobuilder/boot/__init__.py

@@ -0,0 +1,49 @@
+"""Boot configuration package for ISO builder.
+
+This package contains architecture-specific boot configurators for building
+bootable ISOs for different architectures.
+"""
+
+import pathlib
+from typing import TYPE_CHECKING
+
+if TYPE_CHECKING:
+    from ..apt_state import AptStateManager
+    from ..builder import Logger
+    from .base import BaseBootConfigurator
+
+
+def make_boot_configurator_for_arch(
+    arch: str,
+    logger: "Logger",
+    apt_state: "AptStateManager",
+    workdir: pathlib.Path,
+    iso_root: pathlib.Path,
+) -> "BaseBootConfigurator":
+    """Factory function to create boot configurator for a specific architecture."""
+    match arch:
+        case "amd64":
+            from .amd64 import AMD64BootConfigurator
+
+            return AMD64BootConfigurator(logger, apt_state, workdir, iso_root)
+        case "arm64":
+            from .arm64 import ARM64BootConfigurator
+
+            return ARM64BootConfigurator(logger, apt_state, workdir, iso_root)
+        case "ppc64el":
+            from .ppc64el import PPC64ELBootConfigurator
+
+            return PPC64ELBootConfigurator(logger, apt_state, workdir, iso_root)
+        case "riscv64":
+            from .riscv64 import RISCV64BootConfigurator
+
+            return RISCV64BootConfigurator(logger, apt_state, workdir, iso_root)
+        case "s390x":
+            from .s390x import S390XBootConfigurator
+
+            return S390XBootConfigurator(logger, apt_state, workdir, iso_root)
+        case _:
+            raise ValueError(f"Unsupported architecture: {arch}")
+
+
+__all__ = ["make_boot_configurator_for_arch"]

live-build/isobuilder/boot/amd64.py

@@ -0,0 +1,216 @@
+"""AMD64/x86_64 architecture boot configuration."""
+
+import pathlib
+import shutil
+
+from .base import default_kernel_params
+from .grub import copy_grub_modules
+from .uefi import UEFIBootConfigurator
+
+
+CALAMARES_PROJECTS = ["kubuntu", "lubuntu"]
+
+
+class AMD64BootConfigurator(UEFIBootConfigurator):
+    """Boot setup for AMD64/x86_64 architecture."""
+
+    efi_suffix = "x64"
+    grub_target = "x86_64"
+    arch = "amd64"
+
+    def mkisofs_opts(self) -> list[str | pathlib.Path]:
+        # Boring mkisofs options that should be set somewhere architecture independent.
+        opts: list[str | pathlib.Path] = ["-J", "-joliet-long", "-l"]
+
+        # Generalities on booting
+        #
+        # There is a 2x2 matrix of boot modes we care about: legacy or UEFI
+        # boot modes and having the installer be on a cdrom or a disk. Booting
+        # from cdrom uses the el torito standard and booting from disk expects
+        # a MBR or GPT partition table.
+        #
+        # https://wiki.osdev.org/El-Torito has a lot more background on this.
+
+        # ## Set up the mkisofs options for legacy boot.
+
+        # Set the el torito boot image "name", i.e. the path on the ISO
+        # containing the bootloader for legacy-cdrom boot.
+        opts.extend(["-b", "boot/grub/i386-pc/eltorito.img"])
+
+        # Back in the day, el torito booting worked by emulating a floppy
+        # drive.  This hasn't been a useful way of operating for a long time.
+        opts.append("-no-emul-boot")
+
+        # Misc options to make the legacy-cdrom boot work.
+        opts.extend(["-boot-load-size", "4", "-boot-info-table", "--grub2-boot-info"])
+
+        # The bootloader to write to the MBR for legacy-disk boot.
+        #
+        # We use the grub stage1 bootloader, boot_hybrid.img, which then jumps
+        # to the eltorito image based on the information xorriso provides it
+        # via the --grub2-boot-info option.
+        opts.extend(
+            [
+                "--grub2-mbr",
+                self.scratch.joinpath("boot_hybrid.img"),
+            ]
+        )
+
+        # ## Set up the mkisofs options for UEFI boot.
+        opts.extend(self.get_uefi_mkisofs_opts())
+
+        return opts
+
+    def extract_files(self) -> None:
+        with self.logger.logged("extracting AMD64 boot files"):
+
+            # Extract UEFI files (common with ARM64)
+            self.extract_uefi_files()
+
+            # AMD64-specific: Add BIOS/legacy boot files
+            with self.logger.logged("adding BIOS/legacy boot files"):
+                grub_pc_pkg_dir = self.scratch.joinpath("grub-pc-pkg")
+                self.download_and_extract_package("grub-pc-bin", grub_pc_pkg_dir)
+
+                grub_boot_dir = self.iso_root.joinpath("boot", "grub", "i386-pc")
+                grub_boot_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+                src_grub_dir = grub_pc_pkg_dir.joinpath("usr", "lib", "grub", "i386-pc")
+
+                shutil.copy(src_grub_dir.joinpath("eltorito.img"), grub_boot_dir)
+                shutil.copy(src_grub_dir.joinpath("boot_hybrid.img"), self.scratch)
+
+                copy_grub_modules(
+                    grub_pc_pkg_dir,
+                    self.iso_root,
+                    "i386-pc",
+                    ["*.mod", "*.lst", "*.o"],
+                )
+
+    def generate_grub_config(self) -> str:
+        """Generate grub.cfg content for AMD64."""
+        result = self.grub_header()
+
+        if self.project == "ubuntu-mini-iso":
+            result += """\
+menuentry "Choose an Ubuntu version to install" {
+    set gfxpayload=keep
+    linux  /casper/vmlinuz iso-chooser-menu ip=dhcp ---
+    initrd /casper/initrd
+}
+"""
+            return result
+
+        kernel_params = default_kernel_params(self.project)
+
+        # Main menu entry
+        result += f"""\
+menuentry "Try or Install {self.humanproject}" {{
+    set gfxpayload=keep
+    linux  /casper/vmlinuz {kernel_params}
+    initrd /casper/initrd
+}}
+"""
+
+        # All but server get safe-graphics mode
+        if self.project != "ubuntu-server":
+            result += f"""\
+menuentry "{self.humanproject} (safe graphics)" {{
+    set gfxpayload=keep
+    linux  /casper/vmlinuz nomodeset {kernel_params}
+    initrd /casper/initrd
+}}
+"""
+
+        # ubiquity based projects get OEM mode
+        if "maybe-ubiquity" in kernel_params:
+            oem_kernel_params = kernel_params.replace(
+                "maybe-ubiquity", "only-ubiquity oem-config/enable=true"
+            )
+            result += f"""\
+menuentry "OEM install (for manufacturers)" {{
+    set gfxpayload=keep
+    linux  /casper/vmlinuz {oem_kernel_params}
+    initrd /casper/initrd
+}}
+"""
+
+        # Calamares-based projects get OEM mode
+        if self.project in CALAMARES_PROJECTS:
+            result += f"""\
+menuentry "OEM install (for manufacturers)" {{
+    set gfxpayload=keep
+    linux  /casper/vmlinuz {kernel_params} oem-config/enable=true
+    initrd /casper/initrd
+}}
+"""
+
+        # Currently only server is built with HWE, hence no safe-graphics/OEM
+        if self.hwe:
+            result += f"""\
+menuentry "{self.humanproject} with the HWE kernel" {{
+    set gfxpayload=keep
+    linux  /casper/hwe-vmlinuz {kernel_params}
+    initrd /casper/hwe-initrd
+}}
+"""
+
+        # UEFI Entries (wrapped in grub_platform check for dual BIOS/UEFI support)
+        uefi_menu_entries = self.uefi_menu_entries()
+
+        result += f"""\
+grub_platform
+if [ "$grub_platform" = "efi" ]; then
+{uefi_menu_entries}\
+fi
+"""
+
+        return result
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def generate_loopback_config(grub_content: str) -> str:
+        """Derive loopback.cfg from grub.cfg content.
+
+        Strips the header (up to menu_color_highlight) and the UEFI
+        trailer (from grub_platform to end), and adds iso-scan/filename
+        to linux lines.
+        """
+        lines = grub_content.split("\n")
+        start_idx = 0
+        for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+            if "menu_color_highlight" in line:
+                start_idx = i + 1
+                break
+
+        end_idx = len(lines)
+        for i, line in enumerate(lines):
+            if "grub_platform" in line:
+                end_idx = i
+                break
+
+        loopback_lines = lines[start_idx:end_idx]
+        loopback_lines = [
+            (
+                line.replace("---", "iso-scan/filename=${iso_path} ---")
+                if "linux" in line
+                else line
+            )
+            for line in loopback_lines
+        ]
+
+        return "\n".join(loopback_lines)
+
+    def make_bootable(
+        self,
+        project: str,
+        capproject: str,
+        subarch: str,
+        hwe: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Make the ISO bootable, including generating loopback.cfg."""
+        super().make_bootable(project, capproject, subarch, hwe)
+        grub_cfg = self.iso_root.joinpath("boot", "grub", "grub.cfg")
+        grub_content = grub_cfg.read_text()
+        self.iso_root.joinpath("boot", "grub", "loopback.cfg").write_text(
+            self.generate_loopback_config(grub_content)
+        )

live-build/isobuilder/boot/arm64.py

@@ -0,0 +1,76 @@
+"""ARM 64-bit architecture boot configuration."""
+
+import pathlib
+
+from .uefi import UEFIBootConfigurator
+from .base import default_kernel_params
+
+
+class ARM64BootConfigurator(UEFIBootConfigurator):
+    """Boot setup for ARM 64-bit architecture."""
+
+    efi_suffix = "aa64"
+    grub_target = "arm64"
+    arch = "arm64"
+
+    def mkisofs_opts(self) -> list[str | pathlib.Path]:
+        """Return mkisofs options for ARM64."""
+        opts: list[str | pathlib.Path] = [
+            "-J",
+            "-joliet-long",
+            "-l",
+            "-c",
+            "boot/boot.cat",
+        ]
+        # Add common UEFI options
+        opts.extend(self.get_uefi_mkisofs_opts())
+        # ARM64-specific: partition cylinder alignment
+        opts.extend(["-partition_cyl_align", "all"])
+        return opts
+
+    def extract_files(self) -> None:
+        """Download and extract bootloader packages for ARM64."""
+        with self.logger.logged("extracting ARM64 boot files"):
+            self.extract_uefi_files()
+
+    def generate_grub_config(self) -> str:
+        """Generate grub.cfg for ARM64."""
+        kernel_params = default_kernel_params(self.project)
+
+        result = self.grub_header()
+
+        # ARM64-specific: Snapdragon workarounds
+        result += f"""\
+set cmdline=
+smbios --type 4 --get-string 5 --set proc_version
+regexp "Snapdragon.*" "$proc_version"
+if [ $? = 0 ]; then
+  # Work around Snapdragon X firmware bug. cutmem is not allowed in lockdown mode.
+  if [ $lockdown != "y" ]; then
+    cutmem 0x8800000000 0x8fffffffff
+  fi
+  # arm64.nopauth works around 8cx Gen 3 firmware bug
+  cmdline="clk_ignore_unused pd_ignore_unused arm64.nopauth"
+fi
+
+menuentry "Try or Install {self.humanproject}" {{
+    set gfxpayload=keep
+    linux  /casper/vmlinuz $cmdline {kernel_params} console=tty0
+    initrd /casper/initrd
+}}
+"""
+
+        # HWE kernel option if available
+        result += self.hwe_menu_entry(
+            "vmlinuz",
+            f"{kernel_params} console=tty0",
+            extra_params="$cmdline ",
+        )
+
+        # Note: ARM64 HWE also includes $dtb in the original shell script,
+        # but it's not actually set anywhere in the grub.cfg, so we omit it here
+
+        # UEFI Entries (ARM64 is UEFI-only, no grub_platform check needed)
+        result += self.uefi_menu_entries()
+
+        return result

live-build/isobuilder/boot/base.py

@@ -0,0 +1,98 @@
+"""Base classes and helper functions for boot configuration."""
+
+import pathlib
+import subprocess
+import tempfile
+from abc import ABC, abstractmethod
+
+from ..builder import Logger
+from ..apt_state import AptStateManager
+
+
+def default_kernel_params(project: str) -> str:
+    if project == "ubuntukylin":
+        return (
+            "file=/cdrom/preseed/ubuntu.seed locale=zh_CN "
+            "keyboard-configuration/layoutcode?=cn quiet splash --- "
+        )
+    if project == "ubuntu-server":
+        return " --- "
+    else:
+        return " --- quiet splash"
+
+
+class BaseBootConfigurator(ABC):
+    """Abstract base class for architecture-specific boot configurators.
+
+    Subclasses must implement:
+    - extract_files(): Download and extract bootloader packages
+    - mkisofs_opts(): Return mkisofs command-line options
+    """
+
+    def __init__(
+        self,
+        logger: Logger,
+        apt_state: AptStateManager,
+        workdir: pathlib.Path,
+        iso_root: pathlib.Path,
+    ) -> None:
+        self.logger = logger
+        self.apt_state = apt_state
+        self.scratch = workdir.joinpath("boot-stuff")
+        self.iso_root = iso_root
+
+    def download_and_extract_package(
+        self, pkg_name: str, target_dir: pathlib.Path
+    ) -> None:
+        """Download a Debian package and extract its contents to target directory."""
+        self.logger.log(f"downloading and extracting {pkg_name}")
+        target_dir.mkdir(exist_ok=True, parents=True)
+        with tempfile.TemporaryDirectory() as tdir_str:
+            tdir = pathlib.Path(tdir_str)
+            self.apt_state.download_direct(pkg_name, tdir)
+            [deb] = tdir.glob("*.deb")
+            dpkg_proc = subprocess.Popen(
+                ["dpkg-deb", "--fsys-tarfile", deb], stdout=subprocess.PIPE
+            )
+            tar_proc = subprocess.Popen(
+                ["tar", "xf", "-", "-C", target_dir], stdin=dpkg_proc.stdout
+            )
+            assert dpkg_proc.stdout is not None
+            dpkg_proc.stdout.close()
+            tar_proc.communicate()
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def extract_files(self) -> None:
+        """Download and extract bootloader packages to the boot tree.
+
+        Each architecture must implement this to set up its specific bootloader files.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def mkisofs_opts(self) -> list[str | pathlib.Path]:
+        """Return mkisofs command-line options for this architecture.
+
+        Returns:
+            List of command-line options to pass to mkisofs/xorriso.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    def post_process_iso(self, iso_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+        """Post-process the ISO image after xorriso creates it."""
+
+    def make_bootable(
+        self,
+        project: str,
+        capproject: str,
+        subarch: str,
+        hwe: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Make the ISO bootable by extracting bootloader files."""
+        self.project = project
+        self.humanproject = capproject.replace("-", " ")
+        self.subarch = subarch
+        self.hwe = hwe
+        self.scratch.mkdir(exist_ok=True)
+        with self.logger.logged("configuring boot"):
+            self.extract_files()

live-build/isobuilder/boot/grub.py

@@ -0,0 +1,104 @@
+"""GRUB boot configuration for multiple architectures."""
+
+import pathlib
+import shutil
+from abc import abstractmethod
+
+from .base import BaseBootConfigurator
+
+
+def copy_grub_common_files(grub_pkg_dir: pathlib.Path, iso_root: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+    fonts_dir = iso_root.joinpath("boot", "grub", "fonts")
+    fonts_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    src = grub_pkg_dir.joinpath("usr", "share", "grub", "unicode.pf2")
+    dst = fonts_dir.joinpath("unicode.pf2")
+    shutil.copy(src, dst)
+
+
+def copy_grub_modules(
+    grub_pkg_dir: pathlib.Path,
+    iso_root: pathlib.Path,
+    grub_target: str,
+    patterns: list[str],
+) -> None:
+    """Copy GRUB module files matching given patterns from src to dest."""
+    src_dir = grub_pkg_dir.joinpath("usr", "lib", "grub", grub_target)
+    dest_dir = iso_root.joinpath("boot", "grub", grub_target)
+    dest_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    for pat in patterns:
+        for file in src_dir.glob(pat):
+            shutil.copy(file, dest_dir)
+
+
+class GrubBootConfigurator(BaseBootConfigurator):
+    """Base class for architectures that use GRUB (all except S390X).
+
+    Common GRUB functionality shared across AMD64, ARM64, PPC64EL, and RISC-V64.
+    Subclasses must implement generate_grub_config().
+    """
+
+    def grub_header(self, include_loadfont: bool = True) -> str:
+        """Return common GRUB config header (timeout, colors).
+
+        Args:
+            include_loadfont: Whether to include 'loadfont unicode'
+                              (not needed for RISC-V)
+        """
+        result = "set timeout=30\n\n"
+        if include_loadfont:
+            result += "loadfont unicode\n\n"
+        result += """\
+set menu_color_normal=white/black
+set menu_color_highlight=black/light-gray
+
+"""
+        return result
+
+    def hwe_menu_entry(
+        self,
+        kernel_name: str,
+        kernel_params: str,
+        extra_params: str = "",
+    ) -> str:
+        """Return HWE kernel menu entry if HWE is enabled.
+
+        Args:
+            kernel_name: Kernel binary name (vmlinuz or vmlinux)
+            kernel_params: Kernel parameters to append
+            extra_params: Additional parameters (e.g., console=tty0, $cmdline)
+        """
+        if not self.hwe:
+            return ""
+        return f"""\
+menuentry "{self.humanproject} with the HWE kernel" {{
+    set gfxpayload=keep
+    linux  /casper/hwe-{kernel_name} {extra_params}{kernel_params}
+    initrd /casper/hwe-initrd
+}}
+"""
+
+    @abstractmethod
+    def generate_grub_config(self) -> str:
+        """Generate grub.cfg content.
+
+        Each GRUB-based architecture must implement this to return the
+        GRUB configuration.
+        """
+        ...
+
+    def make_bootable(
+        self,
+        project: str,
+        capproject: str,
+        subarch: str,
+        hwe: bool,
+    ) -> None:
+        """Make the ISO bootable by extracting files and generating GRUB config."""
+        super().make_bootable(project, capproject, subarch, hwe)
+        with self.logger.logged("generating grub config"):
+            content = self.generate_grub_config()
+            grub_dir = self.iso_root.joinpath("boot", "grub")
+            grub_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+            grub_dir.joinpath("grub.cfg").write_text(content)

live-build/isobuilder/boot/ppc64el.py

@@ -0,0 +1,74 @@
+"""PowerPC 64-bit Little Endian architecture boot configuration."""
+
+import pathlib
+import shutil
+
+from .grub import (
+    copy_grub_common_files,
+    copy_grub_modules,
+    GrubBootConfigurator,
+)
+from .base import default_kernel_params
+
+
+class PPC64ELBootConfigurator(GrubBootConfigurator):
+    """Boot setup for PowerPC 64-bit Little Endian architecture."""
+
+    def mkisofs_opts(self) -> list[str | pathlib.Path]:
+        """Return mkisofs options for PPC64EL."""
+        return []
+
+    def extract_files(self) -> None:
+        """Download and extract bootloader packages for PPC64EL."""
+        self.logger.log("extracting PPC64EL boot files")
+
+        grub_pkg_dir = self.scratch.joinpath("grub-pkg")
+
+        # Download and extract bootloader packages
+        self.download_and_extract_package("grub2-common", grub_pkg_dir)
+        self.download_and_extract_package("grub-ieee1275-bin", grub_pkg_dir)
+
+        # Add common files for GRUB to tree
+        copy_grub_common_files(grub_pkg_dir, self.iso_root)
+
+        # Add IEEE1275 ppc boot files
+        ppc_dir = self.iso_root.joinpath("ppc")
+        ppc_dir.mkdir()
+
+        src_grub_dir = grub_pkg_dir.joinpath("usr", "lib", "grub", "powerpc-ieee1275")
+
+        # Copy bootinfo.txt to ppc directory
+        shutil.copy(
+            src_grub_dir.joinpath("bootinfo.txt"), ppc_dir.joinpath("bootinfo.txt")
+        )
+
+        # Copy eltorito.elf to boot/grub as powerpc.elf
+        shutil.copy(
+            src_grub_dir.joinpath("eltorito.elf"),
+            self.iso_root.joinpath("boot", "grub", "powerpc.elf"),
+        )
+
+        # Copy GRUB modules
+        copy_grub_modules(
+            grub_pkg_dir, self.iso_root, "powerpc-ieee1275", ["*.mod", "*.lst"]
+        )
+
+    def generate_grub_config(self) -> str:
+        """Generate grub.cfg for PPC64EL."""
+        kernel_params = default_kernel_params(self.project)
+
+        result = self.grub_header()
+
+        # Main menu entry
+        result += f"""\
+menuentry "Try or Install {self.humanproject}" {{
+    set gfxpayload=keep
+    linux  /casper/vmlinux quiet {kernel_params}
+    initrd /casper/initrd
+}}
+"""
+
+        # HWE kernel option if available
+        result += self.hwe_menu_entry("vmlinux", kernel_params, extra_params="quiet ")
+
+        return result

live-build/isobuilder/boot/riscv64.py

@@ -0,0 +1,207 @@
+"""RISC-V 64-bit architecture boot configuration."""
+
+import pathlib
+import shutil
+
+from .grub import GrubBootConfigurator, copy_grub_common_files, copy_grub_modules
+
+
+def copy_unsigned_monolithic_grub(
+    grub_pkg_dir: pathlib.Path,
+    efi_suffix: str,
+    grub_target: str,
+    iso_root: pathlib.Path,
+) -> None:
+    efi_boot_dir = iso_root.joinpath("EFI", "boot")
+    efi_boot_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    shutil.copy(
+        grub_pkg_dir.joinpath(
+            "usr",
+            "lib",
+            "grub",
+            grub_target,
+            "monolithic",
+            f"gcd{efi_suffix}.efi",
+        ),
+        efi_boot_dir.joinpath(f"boot{efi_suffix}.efi"),
+    )
+
+    copy_grub_modules(grub_pkg_dir, iso_root, grub_target, ["*.mod", "*.lst"])
+
+
+class RISCV64BootConfigurator(GrubBootConfigurator):
+    """Boot setup for RISC-V 64-bit architecture."""
+
+    def mkisofs_opts(self) -> list[str | pathlib.Path]:
+        """Return mkisofs options for RISC-V64."""
+        efi_img = self.scratch.joinpath("efi.img")
+
+        return [
+            "-joliet",
+            "on",
+            "-compliance",
+            "joliet_long_names",
+            "--append_partition",
+            "2",
+            "0xef",
+            efi_img,
+            "-boot_image",
+            "any",
+            "partition_offset=10240",
+            "-boot_image",
+            "any",
+            "partition_cyl_align=all",
+            "-boot_image",
+            "any",
+            "efi_path=--interval:appended_partition_2:all::",
+            "-boot_image",
+            "any",
+            "appended_part_as=gpt",
+            "-boot_image",
+            "any",
+            "cat_path=/boot/boot.cat",
+            "-fs",
+            "64m",
+        ]
+
+    def extract_files(self) -> None:
+        """Download and extract bootloader packages for RISC-V64."""
+        self.logger.log("extracting RISC-V64 boot files")
+        u_boot_dir = self.scratch.joinpath("u-boot-sifive")
+
+        grub_pkg_dir = self.scratch.joinpath("grub-pkg")
+
+        # Download and extract bootloader packages
+        self.download_and_extract_package("grub2-common", grub_pkg_dir)
+        self.download_and_extract_package("grub-efi-riscv64-bin", grub_pkg_dir)
+        self.download_and_extract_package("grub-efi-riscv64-unsigned", grub_pkg_dir)
+        self.download_and_extract_package("u-boot-sifive", u_boot_dir)
+
+        # Add GRUB to tree
+        copy_grub_common_files(grub_pkg_dir, self.iso_root)
+
+        copy_unsigned_monolithic_grub(
+            grub_pkg_dir, "riscv64", "riscv64-efi", self.iso_root
+        )
+
+        # Extract DTBs to tree
+        self.logger.log("extracting device tree files")
+        kernel_layer = self.scratch.joinpath("kernel-layer")
+        squashfs_path = self.iso_root.joinpath(
+            "casper", "ubuntu-server-minimal.squashfs"
+        )
+
+        # Extract device tree firmware from squashfs
+        self.logger.run(
+            [
+                "unsquashfs",
+                "-no-xattrs",
+                "-d",
+                kernel_layer,
+                squashfs_path,
+                "usr/lib/firmware",
+            ],
+            check=True,
+        )
+
+        # Copy DTBs if they exist
+        dtb_dir = self.iso_root.joinpath("dtb")
+        dtb_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        firmware_dir = kernel_layer.joinpath("usr", "lib", "firmware")
+
+        for dtb_file in firmware_dir.glob("*/device-tree/*"):
+            if dtb_file.is_file():
+                shutil.copy(dtb_file, dtb_dir)
+
+        # Create ESP image with GRUB and dtbs
+        efi_img = self.scratch.joinpath("efi.img")
+        self.logger.run(
+            ["mkfs.msdos", "-n", "ESP", "-C", "-v", efi_img, "32768"], check=True
+        )
+
+        # Add EFI files to ESP
+        efi_dir = self.iso_root.joinpath("EFI")
+        self.logger.run(["mcopy", "-s", "-i", efi_img, efi_dir, "::/."], check=True)
+
+        # Add DTBs to ESP
+        self.logger.run(["mcopy", "-s", "-i", efi_img, dtb_dir, "::/."], check=True)
+
+    def generate_grub_config(self) -> str:
+        """Generate grub.cfg for RISC-V64."""
+        result = self.grub_header(include_loadfont=False)
+
+        # Main menu entry
+        result += f"""\
+menuentry "Try or Install {self.humanproject}" {{
+    set gfxpayload=keep
+    linux  /casper/vmlinux efi=debug sysctl.kernel.watchdog_thresh=60 ---
+    initrd /casper/initrd
+}}
+"""
+
+        # HWE kernel option if available
+        result += self.hwe_menu_entry(
+            "vmlinux",
+            "---",
+            extra_params="efi=debug sysctl.kernel.watchdog_thresh=60 ",
+        )
+
+        return result
+
+    def post_process_iso(self, iso_path: pathlib.Path) -> None:
+        """Add GPT partitions with U-Boot for SiFive Unmatched board.
+
+        The SiFive Unmatched board needs a GPT table containing U-Boot in
+        order to boot. U-Boot does not currently support booting from a CD,
+        so the GPT table also contains an entry pointing to the ESP so that
+        U-Boot can find it.
+        """
+        u_boot_dir = self.scratch.joinpath(
+            "u-boot-sifive", "usr", "lib", "u-boot", "sifive_unmatched"
+        )
+        self.logger.run(
+            [
+                "sgdisk",
+                iso_path,
+                "--set-alignment=2",
+                "-d",
+                "1",
+                "-n",
+                "1:2082:10273",
+                "-c",
+                "1:loader2",
+                "-t",
+                "1:2E54B353-1271-4842-806F-E436D6AF6985",
+                "-n",
+                "3:10274:12321",
+                "-c",
+                "3:loader1",
+                "-t",
+                "3:5B193300-FC78-40CD-8002-E86C45580B47",
+                "-c",
+                "2:ESP",
+                "-r=2:3",
+            ],
+        )
+        self.logger.run(
+            [
+                "dd",
+                f"if={u_boot_dir / 'u-boot.itb'}",
+                f"of={iso_path}",
+                "bs=512",
+                "seek=2082",
+                "conv=notrunc",
+            ],
+        )
+        self.logger.run(
+            [
+                "dd",
+                f"if={u_boot_dir / 'u-boot-spl.bin'}",
+                f"of={iso_path}",
+                "bs=512",
+                "seek=10274",
+                "conv=notrunc",
+            ],
+        )

live-build/isobuilder/boot/s390x.py

@@ -0,0 +1,206 @@
+"""IBM S/390 architecture boot configuration."""
+
+import pathlib
+import shutil
+import struct
+
+from .base import BaseBootConfigurator
+
+
+README_dot_boot = """\
+About the S/390 installation CD
+===============================
+
+It is possible to "boot" the installation system off this CD using
+the files provided in the /boot directory.
+
+Although you can boot the installer from this CD, the installation
+itself is *not* actually done from the CD. Once the initrd is loaded,
+the installer will ask you to configure your network connection and
+uses the network-console component to allow you to continue the
+installation over SSH. The rest of the installation is done over the
+network: all installer components and Debian packages are retrieved
+from a mirror.
+
+Instead of SSH, one can also use the ASCII terminal available in HMC.
+
+Exporting full .iso contents (including the hidden .disk directory)
+allows one to use the result as a valid mirror for installation.
+"""
+
+ubuntu_dot_exec = """\
+/* REXX EXEC TO IPL Ubuntu for        */
+/* z Systems FROM THE VM READER.      */
+/*                                    */
+'CP CLOSE RDR'
+'PURGE RDR ALL'
+'SPOOL PUNCH * RDR'
+'PUNCH KERNEL    UBUNTU   * (NOHEADER'
+'PUNCH PARMFILE  UBUNTU   * (NOHEADER'
+'PUNCH INITRD    UBUNTU   * (NOHEADER'
+'CHANGE RDR ALL KEEP NOHOLD'
+'CP IPL 000C CLEAR'
+"""
+
+ubuntu_dot_ins = """\
+* Ubuntu for IBM Z (default kernel)
+kernel.ubuntu 0x00000000
+initrd.off 0x0001040c
+initrd.siz 0x00010414
+parmfile.ubuntu 0x00010480
+initrd.ubuntu 0x01000000
+"""
+
+
+def gen_s390_cd_kernel(
+    kernel: pathlib.Path, initrd: pathlib.Path, cmdline: str, outfile: pathlib.Path
+) -> None:
+    """Generate a bootable S390X CD kernel image.
+
+    This is a Python translation of gen-s390-cd-kernel.pl from debian-cd.
+    It creates a bootable image for S/390 architecture by combining kernel,
+    initrd, and boot parameters in a specific format.
+    """
+    # Calculate sizes
+    initrd_size = initrd.stat().st_size
+
+    # The initrd is placed at a fixed offset of 16 MiB
+    initrd_offset = 0x1000000
+
+    # Calculate total boot image size (rounded up to 4K blocks)
+    boot_size = ((initrd_offset + initrd_size) >> 12) + 1
+    boot_size = boot_size << 12
+
+    # Validate cmdline length (max 896 bytes)
+    if len(cmdline) >= 896:
+        raise ValueError(f"Kernel commandline too long ({len(cmdline)} bytes)")
+
+    # Create output file and fill with zeros
+    with outfile.open("wb") as out_fh:
+        # Fill entire file with zeros
+        out_fh.write(b"\x00" * boot_size)
+
+        # Copy kernel to offset 0
+        out_fh.seek(0)
+        with kernel.open("rb") as kernel_fh:
+            out_fh.write(kernel_fh.read())
+
+        # Copy initrd to offset 0x1000000 (16 MiB)
+        out_fh.seek(initrd_offset)
+        with initrd.open("rb") as initrd_fh:
+            out_fh.write(initrd_fh.read())
+
+        # Write boot loader control value at offset 4
+        # This tells the S/390 boot loader where to find the kernel
+        out_fh.seek(4)
+        out_fh.write(struct.pack("!I", 0x80010000))
+
+        # Write kernel command line at offset 0x10480
+        out_fh.seek(0x10480)
+        out_fh.write(cmdline.encode("utf-8"))
+
+        # Write initrd parameters
+        # Initrd offset at 0x1040C
+        out_fh.seek(0x1040C)
+        out_fh.write(struct.pack("!I", initrd_offset))
+
+        # Initrd size at 0x10414
+        out_fh.seek(0x10414)
+        out_fh.write(struct.pack("!I", initrd_size))
+
+
+class S390XBootConfigurator(BaseBootConfigurator):
+    """Boot setup for IBM S/390 architecture."""
+
+    def mkisofs_opts(self) -> list[str | pathlib.Path]:
+        """Return mkisofs options for S390X."""
+        return [
+            "-J",
+            "-no-emul-boot",
+            "-b",
+            "boot/ubuntu.ikr",
+        ]
+
+    def extract_files(self) -> None:
+        """Set up boot files for S390X."""
+        self.logger.log("extracting S390X boot files")
+        boot_dir = self.iso_root.joinpath("boot")
+        boot_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+        # Copy static .ins & exec scripts, docs from data directory
+        self.iso_root.joinpath("README.boot").write_text(README_dot_boot)
+        boot_dir.joinpath("ubuntu.exec").write_text(ubuntu_dot_exec)
+        boot_dir.joinpath("ubuntu.ins").write_text(ubuntu_dot_ins)
+
+        # Move kernel image to the name used in .ins & exec scripts
+        kernel_src = self.iso_root.joinpath("casper", "vmlinuz")
+        kernel_dst = boot_dir.joinpath("kernel.ubuntu")
+        kernel_src.replace(kernel_dst)
+
+        # Move initrd to the name used in .ins & exec scripts
+        initrd_src = self.iso_root.joinpath("casper", "initrd")
+        initrd_dst = boot_dir.joinpath("initrd.ubuntu")
+        initrd_src.replace(initrd_dst)
+
+        # Compute initrd offset & size, store in files used by .ins & exec scripts
+        # Offset is always 0x1000000 (16 MiB)
+        initrd_offset_file = boot_dir.joinpath("initrd.off")
+        with initrd_offset_file.open("wb") as f:
+            f.write(struct.pack("!I", 0x1000000))
+
+        # Size is the actual size of the initrd
+        initrd_size = initrd_dst.stat().st_size
+        initrd_size_file = boot_dir.joinpath("initrd.siz")
+        with initrd_size_file.open("wb") as f:
+            f.write(struct.pack("!I", initrd_size))
+
+        # Compute cmdline, store in parmfile used by .ins & exec scripts
+        parmfile = boot_dir.joinpath("parmfile.ubuntu")
+        with parmfile.open("w") as f:
+            f.write(" --- ")
+
+        # Generate secondary top-level ubuntu.ins file
+        # This transforms lines not starting with * by prepending "boot/"
+        ubuntu_ins_src = boot_dir.joinpath("ubuntu.ins")
+        ubuntu_ins_dst = self.iso_root.joinpath("ubuntu.ins")
+        if ubuntu_ins_src.exists():
+            self.logger.run(
+                ["sed", "-e", "s,^[^*],boot/&,g", ubuntu_ins_src],
+                stdout=ubuntu_ins_dst.open("w"),
+                check=True,
+            )
+
+        # Generate QEMU-KVM boot image using gen_s390_cd_kernel
+        cmdline = parmfile.read_text().strip()
+        ikr_file = boot_dir.joinpath("ubuntu.ikr")
+        gen_s390_cd_kernel(kernel_dst, initrd_dst, cmdline, ikr_file)
+
+        # Extract bootloader signing certificate
+        installed_pem = pathlib.Path("/usr/lib/s390-tools/stage3.pem")
+        squashfs_root = self.iso_root.joinpath("squashfs-root")
+        squashfs_path = self.iso_root.joinpath(
+            "casper", "ubuntu-server-minimal.squashfs"
+        )
+
+        if squashfs_path.exists():
+            self.logger.run(
+                [
+                    "unsquashfs",
+                    "-no-xattrs",
+                    "-i",
+                    "-d",
+                    squashfs_root,
+                    squashfs_path,
+                    installed_pem,
+                ],
+                check=True,
+            )
+
+            # Move certificate to iso root
+            cert_src = squashfs_root.joinpath(str(installed_pem).lstrip("/"))
+            cert_dst = self.iso_root.joinpath("ubuntu.pem")
+            if cert_src.exists():
+                cert_src.replace(cert_dst)
+
+            # Clean up squashfs extraction
+            shutil.rmtree(squashfs_root)

live-build/isobuilder/boot/uefi.py

@@ -0,0 +1,168 @@
+"""UEFI boot configuration for AMD64 and ARM64 architectures."""
+
+import pathlib
+import shutil
+
+from ..builder import Logger
+from .grub import copy_grub_common_files, GrubBootConfigurator
+
+
+def copy_signed_shim_grub(
+    shim_pkg_dir: pathlib.Path,
+    grub_pkg_dir: pathlib.Path,
+    efi_suffix: str,
+    grub_target: str,
+    iso_root: pathlib.Path,
+) -> None:
+    efi_boot_dir = iso_root.joinpath("EFI", "boot")
+    efi_boot_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    shutil.copy(
+        shim_pkg_dir.joinpath(
+            "usr", "lib", "shim", f"shim{efi_suffix}.efi.signed.latest"
+        ),
+        efi_boot_dir.joinpath(f"boot{efi_suffix}.efi"),
+    )
+    shutil.copy(
+        shim_pkg_dir.joinpath("usr", "lib", "shim", f"mm{efi_suffix}.efi"),
+        efi_boot_dir.joinpath(f"mm{efi_suffix}.efi"),
+    )
+    shutil.copy(
+        grub_pkg_dir.joinpath(
+            "usr",
+            "lib",
+            "grub",
+            f"{grub_target}-efi-signed",
+            f"gcd{efi_suffix}.efi.signed",
+        ),
+        efi_boot_dir.joinpath(f"grub{efi_suffix}.efi"),
+    )
+
+    grub_boot_dir = iso_root.joinpath("boot", "grub", f"{grub_target}-efi")
+    grub_boot_dir.mkdir(parents=True, exist_ok=True)
+
+    src_grub_dir = grub_pkg_dir.joinpath("usr", "lib", "grub", f"{grub_target}-efi")
+    for mod_file in src_grub_dir.glob("*.mod"):
+        shutil.copy(mod_file, grub_boot_dir)
+    for lst_file in src_grub_dir.glob("*.lst"):
+        shutil.copy(lst_file, grub_boot_dir)
+
+
+def create_eltorito_esp_image(
+    logger: Logger, iso_root: pathlib.Path, target_file: pathlib.Path
+) -> None:
+    logger.log("creating El Torito ESP image")
+    efi_dir = iso_root.joinpath("EFI")
+
+    # Calculate size: du -s --apparent-size --block-size=1024 + 1024
+    result = logger.run(
+        ["du", "-s", "--apparent-size", "--block-size=1024", efi_dir],
+        capture_output=True,
+        text=True,
+        check=True,
+    )
+    size_kb = int(result.stdout.split()[0]) + 1024
+
+    # Create filesystem: mkfs.msdos -n ESP -C -v
+    logger.run(
+        ["mkfs.msdos", "-n", "ESP", "-C", "-v", target_file, str(size_kb)],
+        check=True,
+    )
+
+    # Copy files: mcopy -s -i target_file EFI ::/.
+    logger.run(["mcopy", "-s", "-i", target_file, efi_dir, "::/."], check=True)
+
+
+class UEFIBootConfigurator(GrubBootConfigurator):
+    """Base class for UEFI-based architectures (AMD64, ARM64).
+
+    Subclasses should set:
+    - efi_suffix: EFI binary suffix (e.g., "x64", "aa64")
+    - grub_target: GRUB target name (e.g., "x86_64", "arm64")
+    """
+
+    # Subclasses must override these
+    efi_suffix: str = ""
+    grub_target: str = ""
+    arch: str = ""
+
+    def get_uefi_grub_packages(self) -> list[str]:
+        """Return list of UEFI GRUB packages to download."""
+        return [
+            "grub2-common",
+            f"grub-efi-{self.arch}-bin",
+            f"grub-efi-{self.arch}-signed",
+        ]
+
+    def extract_uefi_files(self) -> None:
+        """Extract common UEFI files to boot tree."""
+
+        shim_pkg_dir = self.scratch.joinpath("shim-pkg")
+        grub_pkg_dir = self.scratch.joinpath("grub-pkg")
+
+        # Download UEFI packages
+        self.download_and_extract_package("shim-signed", shim_pkg_dir)
+        for pkg in self.get_uefi_grub_packages():
+            self.download_and_extract_package(pkg, grub_pkg_dir)
+
+        # Add common files for GRUB to tree
+        copy_grub_common_files(grub_pkg_dir, self.iso_root)
+
+        # Add EFI GRUB to tree
+        copy_signed_shim_grub(
+            shim_pkg_dir,
+            grub_pkg_dir,
+            self.efi_suffix,
+            self.grub_target,
+            self.iso_root,
+        )
+
+        # Create ESP image for El-Torito catalog and hybrid boot
+        create_eltorito_esp_image(
+            self.logger, self.iso_root, self.scratch.joinpath("cd-boot-efi.img")
+        )
+
+    def uefi_menu_entries(self) -> str:
+        """Return UEFI firmware menu entries."""
+        return """\
+menuentry 'Boot from next volume' {
+    exit 1
+}
+menuentry 'UEFI Firmware Settings' {
+    fwsetup
+}
+"""
+
+    def get_uefi_mkisofs_opts(self) -> list[str | pathlib.Path]:
+        """Return common UEFI mkisofs options."""
+        # To make our ESP / El-Torito image compliant with MBR/GPT standards,
+        # we first append it as a partition and then point the El Torito at
+        # it.  See https://lists.debian.org/debian-cd/2019/07/msg00007.html
+        opts: list[str | pathlib.Path] = [
+            "-append_partition",
+            "2",
+            "0xef",
+            self.scratch.joinpath("cd-boot-efi.img"),
+            "-appended_part_as_gpt",
+        ]
+
+        # Some BIOSes ignore removable disks with no partitions marked bootable
+        # in the MBR.  Make sure our protective MBR partition is marked bootable.
+        opts.append("--mbr-force-bootable")
+
+        # Start a new entry in the el torito boot catalog
+        opts.append("-eltorito-alt-boot")
+
+        # Specify where the el torito UEFI boot image "name".  We use a special
+        # syntax available in latest xorriso to point at our newly-created
+        # partition.
+        opts.extend(["-e", "--interval:appended_partition_2:all::"])
+
+        # Whether to emulate a floppy or not is a per-boot-catalog-entry
+        # thing, so we need to say it again.
+        opts.append("-no-emul-boot")
+
+        # Create a partition table entry that covers the iso9660 filesystem
+        opts.extend(["-partition_offset", "16"])
+
+        return opts

live-build/isobuilder/builder.py

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 import contextlib
 import json
-import os
 import pathlib
 import shlex
 import shutil
@@ -8,6 +7,7 @@ import subprocess
 import sys
 
 from isobuilder.apt_state import AptStateManager
+from isobuilder.boot import make_boot_configurator_for_arch
 from isobuilder.gpg_key import EphemeralGPGKey
 from isobuilder.pool_builder import PoolBuilder
 
@@ -114,27 +114,34 @@ class ISOBuilder:
         self.workdir = workdir
         self.logger = Logger()
         self.iso_root = workdir.joinpath("iso-root")
-        self._series = self._arch = self._gpg_key = self._apt_state = None
+        self._config: dict | None = None
+        self._gpg_key = self._apt_state = None
 
     # UTILITY STUFF
 
     def _read_config(self):
         with self.workdir.joinpath("config.json").open() as fp:
-            data = json.load(fp)
+            self._config = json.load(fp)
-        self._series = data["series"]
+
-        self._arch = data["arch"]
+    @property
+    def config(self):
+        if self._config is None:
+            self._read_config()
+        return self._config
+
+    def save_config(self):
+        with self.workdir.joinpath("config.json").open("w") as fp:
+            json.dump(self._config, fp)
 
     @property
     def arch(self):
-        if self._arch is None:
+        return self.config["arch"]
-            self._read_config()
-        return self._arch
 
     @property
     def series(self):
-        if self._series is None:
+        if self._config is None:
             self._read_config()
-        return self._series
+        return self._config["series"]
 
     @property
     def gpg_key(self):
@@ -162,8 +169,8 @@ class ISOBuilder:
         dot_disk.mkdir()
 
         self.logger.log("saving config")
-        with self.workdir.joinpath("config.json").open("w") as fp:
+        self._config = {"arch": arch, "series": series}
-            json.dump({"arch": arch, "series": series}, fp)
+        self.save_config()
 
         self.logger.log("populating .disk")
         dot_disk.joinpath("base_installable").touch()
@@ -219,9 +226,8 @@ class ISOBuilder:
         # can verify it's booting from the right media.
         with self.logger.logged("extracting casper uuids"):
             casper_dir = self.iso_root.joinpath("casper")
-            prefix = "filesystem.initrd-"
             dot_disk = self.iso_root.joinpath(".disk")
-            for initrd in casper_dir.glob(f"{prefix}*"):
+            for initrd in casper_dir.glob("*initrd"):
                 initrddir = self.workdir.joinpath("initrd")
                 with self.logger.logged(
                     f"unpacking {initrd.name} ...", done_msg="... done"
@@ -231,9 +237,7 @@ class ISOBuilder:
                 # - Platforms with early firmware: subdirs like "main/" or "early/"
                 #   containing conf/uuid.conf
                 # - Other platforms: conf/uuid.conf directly in the root
-                # Try to find uuid.conf in both locations. The [uuid_conf] = confs
+                # Try to find uuid.conf in both locations.
-                # unpacking asserts exactly one match; multiple matches would
-                # indicate an unexpected initrd structure.
                 confs = list(initrddir.glob("*/conf/uuid.conf"))
                 if confs:
                     [uuid_conf] = confs
@@ -242,33 +246,31 @@ class ISOBuilder:
                 else:
                     raise Exception("uuid.conf not found")
                 self.logger.log(f"found {uuid_conf.relative_to(initrddir)}")
-                uuid_conf.rename(
+                if initrd.name == "initrd":
-                    dot_disk.joinpath("casper-uuid-" + initrd.name[len(prefix) :])
+                    suffix = "generic"
-                )
+                elif initrd.name == "hwe-initrd":
+                    suffix = "generic-hwe"
+                else:
+                    raise Exception(f"unexpected initrd name {initrd.name}")
+                uuid_conf.rename(dot_disk.joinpath(f"casper-uuid-{suffix}"))
                 shutil.rmtree(initrddir)
 
     def add_live_filesystem(self, artifact_prefix: pathlib.Path):
-        # Link build artifacts into the ISO's casper directory. We use hardlinks
-        # (not copies) for filesystem efficiency - they reference the same inode.
-        #
-        # Artifacts come from the layered build with names like "for-iso.base.squashfs"
-        # and need to be renamed for casper. The prefix is stripped, so:
-        #   for-iso.base.squashfs -> base.squashfs
-        #   for-iso.kernel-generic -> filesystem.kernel-generic
-        #
-        # Kernel and initrd get the extra "filesystem." prefix because debian-cd
-        # expects names like filesystem.kernel-* and filesystem.initrd-*.
         casper_dir = self.iso_root.joinpath("casper")
         artifact_dir = artifact_prefix.parent
         filename_prefix = artifact_prefix.name
 
-        def link(src, target_name):
+        def link(src: pathlib.Path, target_name: str):
             target = casper_dir.joinpath(target_name)
             self.logger.log(
                 f"creating link from $ISOROOT/casper/{target_name} to $src/{src.name}"
             )
             target.hardlink_to(src)
 
+        kernel_name = "vmlinuz"
+        if self.arch in ("ppc64el", "riscv64"):
+            kernel_name = "vmlinux"
+
         with self.logger.logged(
             f"linking artifacts from {casper_dir} to {artifact_dir}"
         ):
@@ -276,64 +278,41 @@ class ISOBuilder:
                 for path in artifact_dir.glob(f"{filename_prefix}*.{ext}"):
                     newname = path.name[len(filename_prefix) :]
                     link(path, newname)
-            for item in "kernel", "initrd":
+
-                for path in artifact_dir.glob(f"{filename_prefix}{item}-*"):
+            for kernel_path in artifact_dir.glob(f"{filename_prefix}kernel*"):
-                    newname = "filesystem." + path.name[len(filename_prefix) :]
+                suffix = kernel_path.name[len(filename_prefix) + len("kernel") :]
-                    link(path, newname)
+                prefix = "hwe-" if suffix.endswith("-hwe") else ""
+                link(
+                    artifact_dir.joinpath(f"{filename_prefix}kernel{suffix}"),
+                    f"{prefix}{kernel_name}",
+                )
+                link(
+                    artifact_dir.joinpath(f"{filename_prefix}initrd{suffix}"),
+                    f"{prefix}initrd",
+                )
         self._extract_casper_uuids()
 
     def make_bootable(self, project: str, capproject: str, subarch: str):
-        # debian-cd is Ubuntu's CD/ISO image build system. It contains
+        configurator = make_boot_configurator_for_arch(
-        # architecture and series-specific boot configuration scripts that set up
+            self.arch,
-        # GRUB, syslinux, EFI boot, etc. The tools/boot/$series/boot-$arch script
+            self.logger,
-        # knows how to make an ISO bootable for each architecture.
+            self.apt_state,
-        #
+            self.workdir,
-        # TODO: The boot configuration logic should eventually be ported directly
+            self.iso_root,
-        # into isobuilder to avoid this external dependency and git clone.
+        )
-        debian_cd_dir = self.workdir.joinpath("debian-cd")
+        configurator.make_bootable(
-        with self.logger.logged("cloning debian-cd"):
+            project,
-            self.logger.run(
+            capproject,
-                [
+            subarch,
-                    "git",
+            self.iso_root.joinpath("casper/hwe-initrd").exists(),
-                    "clone",
-                    "--depth=1",
-                    "https://git.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-cdimage/debian-cd/+git/ubuntu",
-                    debian_cd_dir,
-                ],
-            )
-        # Override apt-selection to use our ISO's apt configuration instead of
-        # debian-cd's default. This ensures the boot scripts get packages from
-        # the correct repository when installing boot packages.
-        apt_selection = debian_cd_dir.joinpath("tools/apt-selection")
-        with self.logger.logged("overwriting apt-selection"):
-            apt_selection.write_text(
-                "#!/bin/sh\n" f"APT_CONFIG={self.apt_state.apt_conf_path} apt-get $@\n"
-            )
-        env = dict(
-            os.environ,
-            BASEDIR=str(debian_cd_dir),
-            DIST=self.series,
-            PROJECT=project,
-            CAPPROJECT=capproject,
-            SUBARCH=subarch,
         )
-        tool_name = f"tools/boot/{self.series}/boot-{self.arch}"
-        with self.logger.logged(f"running {tool_name} ...", done_msg="... done"):
-            self.logger.run(
-                [
-                    debian_cd_dir.joinpath(tool_name),
-                    "1",
-                    self.iso_root,
-                ],
-                env=env,
-            )
 
     def checksum(self):
         # Generate md5sum.txt for ISO integrity verification.
         # - Symlinks are excluded because their targets are already checksummed
         # - Files are sorted for deterministic, reproducible output across builds
         # - Paths use "./" prefix and we run md5sum from iso_root so the output
-        #   matches what casper-md5check expects.
+        #   matches what users get when they verify with "md5sum -c" from the ISO
         all_files = []
         for dirpath, dirnames, filenames in self.iso_root.walk():
             filepaths = [dirpath.joinpath(filename) for filename in filenames]
@@ -351,14 +330,20 @@ class ISOBuilder:
         )
 
     def make_iso(self, dest: pathlib.Path, volid: str | None):
-        # 1.mkisofs_opts is generated by debian-cd's make_bootable step. The "1"
-        # refers to "pass 1" of the build (a legacy naming convention). It contains
-        # architecture-specific xorriso options for boot sectors, EFI images, etc.
-        mkisofs_opts = shlex.split(self.workdir.joinpath("1.mkisofs_opts").read_text())
-        self.checksum()
         # xorriso with "-as mkisofs" runs in mkisofs compatibility mode.
         # -r enables Rock Ridge extensions for Unix metadata (permissions, symlinks).
         # -iso-level 3 (amd64 only) allows files >4GB which some amd64 ISOs need.
+        # mkisofs_opts comes from the boot configurator and contains architecture-
+        # specific options for boot sectors, EFI images, etc.
+        self.checksum()
+        configurator = make_boot_configurator_for_arch(
+            self.arch,
+            self.logger,
+            self.apt_state,
+            self.workdir,
+            self.iso_root,
+        )
+        mkisofs_opts = configurator.mkisofs_opts()
         cmd: list[str | pathlib.Path] = ["xorriso"]
         if self.arch == "riscv64":
             # For $reasons, xorriso is not run in mkisofs mode on riscv64 only.
@@ -380,7 +365,4 @@ class ISOBuilder:
             cmd.extend(mkisofs_opts + [self.iso_root, "-o", dest])
         with self.logger.logged("running xorriso"):
             self.logger.run(cmd, cwd=self.workdir, check=True, limit_length=False)
-        if self.arch == "riscv64":
+        configurator.post_process_iso(dest)
-            debian_cd_dir = self.workdir.joinpath("debian-cd")
-            add_riscv_gpt = debian_cd_dir.joinpath("tools/add_riscv_gpt")
-            self.logger.run([add_riscv_gpt, dest], cwd=self.workdir)

live-build/ubuntu-mini-iso/hooks/01-mini-iso.binary

@@ -1,5 +1,9 @@
 #!/bin/sh
 
+# Create kernel/initrd artifacts for isobuilder to consume.
+# The standard MAKE_ISO flow in auto/build expects files named
+# ${PREFIX}.kernel-${flavour} and ${PREFIX}.initrd-${flavour}.
+
 set -eu
 
 case $ARCH in
@@ -10,68 +14,7 @@ case $ARCH in
         ;;
 esac
 
-. config/binary
+PREFIX="livecd.${PROJECT}"
 
-KERNEL=chroot/boot/vmlinuz
+cp chroot/boot/vmlinuz "${PREFIX}.kernel-generic"
-INITRD=chroot/boot/initrd.img
+cp chroot/boot/initrd.img "${PREFIX}.initrd-generic"
-
-git clone https://git.launchpad.net/~ubuntu-cdimage/debian-cd/+git/ubuntu debian-cd
-export BASEDIR=$(readlink -f debian-cd) DIST=$LB_DISTRIBUTION
-
-cat > apt.conf <<EOF
-Dir "$(pwd)/chroot";
-EOF
-
-case $ARCH in
-    amd64)
-        mkdir -p "ubuntu-mini-iso/amd64/tree/casper"
-        cp "$KERNEL" ubuntu-mini-iso/amd64/tree/casper/filesystem.kernel-generic
-        cp "$INITRD" ubuntu-mini-iso/amd64/tree/casper/filesystem.initrd-generic
-        APT_CONFIG_amd64=$(pwd)/apt.conf $BASEDIR/tools/boot/$LB_DISTRIBUTION/boot-amd64 1 $(readlink -f ubuntu-mini-iso/amd64/tree)
-        # Overwrite the grub.cfg that debian-cd generates by default
-        cat > ubuntu-mini-iso/amd64/tree/boot/grub/grub.cfg <<EOF
-menuentry "Choose an Ubuntu version to install" {
-        set gfxpayload=keep
-        linux /casper/vmlinuz iso-chooser-menu ip=dhcp ---
-        initrd /casper/initrd
-}
-EOF
-        rm -f ubuntu-mini-iso/amd64/tree/boot/grub/loopback.cfg ubuntu-mini-iso/amd64/tree/boot/memtest*.bin
-        ;;
-esac
-
-mkdir -p ubuntu-mini-iso/$ARCH/tree/.disk
-
-touch ubuntu-mini-iso/$ARCH/tree/.disk/base_installable
-
-tmpdir=$(mktemp -d)
-unmkinitramfs $INITRD $tmpdir
-if [ -e $tmpdir/*/conf/uuid.conf ]; then
-    uuid_conf=$tmpdir/*/conf/uuid.conf
-elif [ -e "$tmpdir/conf/uuid.conf" ]; then
-    uuid_conf="$tmpdir/conf/uuid.conf"
-else
-    echo "uuid.conf not found"
-    exit 1
-fi
-cp $uuid_conf ubuntu-mini-iso/$ARCH/tree/.disk/casper-uuid-generic
-rm -fr $tmpdir
-
-cat > ubuntu-mini-iso/$ARCH/tree/.disk/cd_type <<EOF
-full_cd/single
-EOF
-
-version=$(distro-info --fullname --series=$LB_DISTRIBUTION \
-          | sed s'/^Ubuntu/ubuntu-mini-iso/')
-
-cat > ubuntu-mini-iso/$ARCH/tree/.disk/info <<EOF
-$version - $ARCH ($BUILDSTAMP)
-EOF
-
-dest="${PWD}/livecd.${PROJECT}.iso"
-
-cd ubuntu-mini-iso/$ARCH
-xorriso -as mkisofs $(cat 1.mkisofs_opts) tree -o $dest
-cd ../..
-
-rm -rf ubuntu-mini-iso

live-build/ubuntu/hooks/030-ubuntu-live-system-seed.binary

@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
 
 # create the system seed for TPM-backed FDE in the live layer of the installer.
 
-set -eux
+set -eu
 
 case ${PASS:-} in
     *.live)
@@ -13,8 +13,15 @@ case ${PASS:-} in
 esac
 
 . config/binary
+. config/common
 . config/functions
 
+set -x
+
+if ! echo $PASSES | grep --quiet enhanced-secureboot; then
+    # Only run this hook if there is going to be a layer that installs it...
+    exit 0
+fi
 
 # Naive conversion from YAML to JSON. This is needed because yq is in universe
 # (but jq is not).
@@ -126,8 +133,25 @@ get_components()
 
 # env SNAPPY_STORE_NO_CDN=1 snap known --remote model series=16 brand-id=canonical model=ubuntu-classic-2410-amd64 > config/classic-model.model
 #
-dangerous_model=/usr/share/livecd-rootfs/live-build/${PROJECT}/ubuntu-classic-amd64-dangerous.model
+
-stable_model=/usr/share/livecd-rootfs/live-build/${PROJECT}/ubuntu-classic-amd64.model
+# We used to have the models included in livecd-rootfs itself, but now we pull
+# them from the Launchpad git mirror.
+canonical_models_tree=$(mktemp -d)
+git clone --depth 1 https://git.launchpad.net/canonical-models -- "${canonical_models_tree}"
+
+cleanup_repo()
+{
+    rm -rf -- "${canonical_models_tree}"
+}
+
+trap cleanup_repo EXIT
+
+echo 'Checked out canonical-models revision' "$(git -C "${canonical_models_tree}" rev-parse HEAD)"
+
+model_version=$(release_ver | sed 's/\.//')
+
+dangerous_model="${canonical_models_tree}"/ubuntu-classic-"${model_version}"-amd64-dangerous.model
+stable_model="${canonical_models_tree}"/ubuntu-classic-"${model_version}"-amd64.model
 
 prepare_args=()
 

live-build/ubuntu/ubuntu-classic-amd64-dangerous.model

@@ -1,109 +0,0 @@
-type: model
-authority-id: canonical
-series: 16
-brand-id: canonical
-model: ubuntu-classic-2604-amd64-dangerous
-architecture: amd64
-base: core24
-classic: true
-distribution: ubuntu
-grade: dangerous
-snaps:
-  -
-    default-channel: classic-26.04/edge
-    id: UqFziVZDHLSyO3TqSWgNBoAdHbLI4dAH
-    name: pc
-    type: gadget
-  -
-    components:
-      nvidia-580-uda-ko:
-        presence: optional
-      nvidia-580-uda-user:
-        presence: optional
-    default-channel: 26.04/beta
-    id: pYVQrBcKmBa0mZ4CCN7ExT6jH8rY1hza
-    name: pc-kernel
-    type: kernel
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/edge
-    id: amcUKQILKXHHTlmSa7NMdnXSx02dNeeT
-    name: core22
-    type: base
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/edge
-    id: dwTAh7MZZ01zyriOZErqd1JynQLiOGvM
-    name: core24
-    type: base
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/edge
-    id: cUqM61hRuZAJYmIS898Ux66VY61gBbZf
-    name: core26
-    type: base
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/edge
-    id: PMrrV4ml8uWuEUDBT8dSGnKUYbevVhc4
-    name: snapd
-    type: snapd
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/edge
-    id: EISPgh06mRh1vordZY9OZ34QHdd7OrdR
-    name: bare
-    type: base
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/edge
-    id: HyhSEBPv3vHsW6uOHkQR384NgI7S6zpj
-    name: mesa-2404
-    type: app
-  -
-    default-channel: 1/edge
-    id: EI0D1KHjP8XiwMZKqSjuh6W8zvcowUVP
-    name: firmware-updater
-    type: app
-  -
-    default-channel: 1/edge
-    id: FppXWunWzuRT2NUT9CwoBPNJNZBYOCk0
-    name: desktop-security-center
-    type: app
-  -
-    default-channel: 1/edge
-    id: aoc5lfC8aUd2VL8VpvynUJJhGXp5K6Dj
-    name: prompting-client
-    type: app
-  -
-    default-channel: 2/edge
-    id: gjf3IPXoRiipCu9K0kVu52f0H56fIksg
-    name: snap-store
-    type: app
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/edge
-    id: jZLfBRzf1cYlYysIjD2bwSzNtngY0qit
-    name: gtk-common-themes
-    type: app
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/edge
-    id: 3wdHCAVyZEmYsCMFDE9qt92UV8rC8Wdk
-    name: firefox
-    type: app
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/edge
-    id: ew7OxpbRTxfK7ImpIygRR85lkxvU7Pzt
-    name: gnome-46-2404
-    type: app
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/edge
-    id: IrwRHakqtzhFRHJOOPxKVPU0Kk7Erhcu
-    name: snapd-desktop-integration
-    type: app
-timestamp: 2025-12-09T12:00:00.0Z
-sign-key-sha3-384: 9tydnLa6MTJ-jaQTFUXEwHl1yRx7ZS4K5cyFDhYDcPzhS7uyEkDxdUjg9g08BtNn
-
-AcLBXAQAAQoABgUCaUFt7QAKCRDgT5vottzAEhdnD/92LBcQm3iw/kPao4KqGE0OhfXDFd7Z6+Qv
-A1Dlzz6Cw0tuj0r5aZH7vJQCx4kC1Eaoi8apg3XhqAyhr74/MsIwMhPPL8qcSNv8ZWruoGwFp/rx
-M6NSBKc6hrYqACYfEkBwfq9SgmIDQKFeBVudwswLK2SN58wrDNJjuWz/eJ5hUIIe3ga5ScfzO4Jr
-jTWS4kh5lpttCPFX8ouLkMgLUxijQpxFbHoF1trXJndFvavStT0yuC0y5TXzb3wJbbiF/MXZWyjV
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live-build/ubuntu/ubuntu-classic-amd64.model

@@ -1,104 +0,0 @@
-type: model
-authority-id: canonical
-series: 16
-brand-id: canonical
-model: ubuntu-classic-2604-amd64
-architecture: amd64
-base: core24
-classic: true
-distribution: ubuntu
-grade: signed
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-    components:
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-    name: pc-kernel
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-  -
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-    name: core22
-    type: base
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/stable
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-    name: core24
-    type: base
-  -
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-    id: PMrrV4ml8uWuEUDBT8dSGnKUYbevVhc4
-    name: snapd
-    type: snapd
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-    name: bare
-    type: base
-  -
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-    id: HyhSEBPv3vHsW6uOHkQR384NgI7S6zpj
-    name: mesa-2404
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-    name: desktop-security-center
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-    type: app
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-    id: gjf3IPXoRiipCu9K0kVu52f0H56fIksg
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-    name: gtk-common-themes
-    type: app
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-    id: 3wdHCAVyZEmYsCMFDE9qt92UV8rC8Wdk
-    name: firefox
-    type: app
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/stable/ubuntu-26.04
-    id: ew7OxpbRTxfK7ImpIygRR85lkxvU7Pzt
-    name: gnome-46-2404
-    type: app
-  -
-    default-channel: latest/stable/ubuntu-26.04
-    id: IrwRHakqtzhFRHJOOPxKVPU0Kk7Erhcu
-    name: snapd-desktop-integration
-    type: app
-timestamp: 2025-12-09T12:00:00.0Z
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